Botany and Planting
Onion—Allium cepa, Alliaceae (Amaryillidaceae)
Leek—Allium ampeloprasum
Chive—Allium schoenoprasum
Bunching onion—Allium fistulosum
Table 1. Planting dates for onion and alliums.
|
Planting Region |
Dates | |
|---|---|---|
|
Seeded |
Transplanted | |
|
North Florida |
mid-Sept–mid-Nov |
Nov–Jan |
|
Central Florida |
Oct |
Dec–Jan |
|
South Florida |
Oct |
Dec–Jan |
Table 2. Planting information for onion and alliums.
|
Planting Parameters |
Measurements | |
|---|---|---|
|
Seeded |
Transplanted | |
|
Distance between rows (in) |
14–18 |
14–18 |
|
Distance between plants (in) |
3–4 |
4–6 |
|
Seeding depth (in) |
0.25–0.5 |
– |
|
Seed per acre (lb) |
3–4 |
1 |
|
Days to maturity |
100–130 |
100–130 |
|
Plant populations (acre) |
149,343 |
112,123 |
Cultivars
Table 3. Onion and leek cultivars.
|
Crop |
Cultivars |
|---|---|
|
Onion |
Dawn (H), Granex 33 (H), Pirate (H), Plethora (H), Prowler (H), Red Hunter, Savannah Sweet (H), Sweet Caroline (H), Sweet Harvest (H), Sweet Success (H), Vidurra (H) |
|
Bunching Onion |
Perfecto Blanco, Tokyo Long White, White Portugal |
|
Leeks |
Chives, Jolant, King Richard, Lancelot, Megathon, Staro, Tivi, Tornado, Verina |
|
H=hybrid | |
The following tables list registered pesticides that should be integrated with other pest management methods. Additional information on integrated management methods can be requested from UF/IFAS Extension horticulture or agriculture agents. A list of local UF/IFAS Extension offices is available at https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/find-your-local-office/.
Table 4. Herbicides approved for managing weeds in onion, garlic, and shallot. Labels change frequently. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any chemical. Contact: Peter J. Dittmar, UF/IFAS Department of Horticultural Sciences, Gainesville.
|
|
Active Ingredient lb a.i./Acre |
Trade Name Product/Acre |
MOA Code |
Crops |
Weeds Controlled/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
PREEMERGENCE |
Bensulide 5.0–6.0 |
(Prefar) 4 E 5–6 qt |
8 |
Dry bulb vegetables: onion, garlic, shallot |
Annual broadleaf and grass control. Incorporate or irrigate 1–2 in. deep within 36 hr of application. Consult label for rotational restrictions. |
|
Carfentrazone up to 0.031 |
(Aim) 2 EC up to 2 fl oz |
14 |
Onion, garlic, leek, chive, shallot |
Apply as a preplant burndown for emerged broadleaf weeds. Use crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, or nonionic surfactant at recommended rates. No more than 0.096 lb a.i./A per season. No pretransplant interval. | |
|
Flumioxazin up to 0.06 |
(Chateau) EZ up to 2 fl oz |
14 |
Garlic, onion (dry bulb) |
Broadleaf control. Apply to transplanted onions between the 2- and 6-leaf stage. Apply to direct seeded onions between the 3- and 6-leaf stage. | |
|
Glyphosate |
(various formulations) consult label |
9 |
Onion, garlic, leek, chive, shallot |
Control of emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Consult individual labels for restrictions. | |
|
Oxyfluorfen 2.0 |
(Goal 2XL) 2 EC 2.0 pt (GoalTender) 4 EC 1.0 pt |
14 |
Onion (dry bulb), garlic (dry bulb) |
Certain broadleaf weeds. Transplanted only. Apply within 2 days of transplanting. Necrotic lesions, twisting, or stunting of plants can occur if applications are made during cool, wet weather or prior to the full development of the true leaves. | |
|
Paraquat 0.5–1.0 |
(Gramoxone) 2 SL 2–4 pt |
22 |
Onion (dry bulb) |
Controls emerged weeds. Apply prior, during, or after planting, but before crop emergence. No more than 2 applications per season. Use a nonionic surfactant. | |
|
Paraquat 0.63–1.0 |
(Gramoxone) 2 SL 2.5–4.0 pt (Firestorm) 3 SL 1.7–2.7 pt |
22 |
Onion (seeded), garlic |
Emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply as a preplant burndown. No more than 1 lb a.i./A per season. | |
|
Pelargonic acid |
(Scythe) 4.2 EC 3%–10% v/v |
27 |
Onion, garlic, leek, chive, shallot |
Emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply before emergence of crop. Product is a contact, nonselective, foliar-applied herbicide. There is no residual activity. | |
|
Pendimethalin Mineral 0.5–0.75 Muck 1.0–2.0 |
(Prowl) 3.3 EC Mineral: 1.2–1.8 pt Muck: 2.4–4.8 pt (Prowl H20) 3.8 Mineral: 1.0–1.5 pt Muck: 2.0–4.0 pt |
3 |
Onion (dry bulb), shallot (dry bulb), garlic |
Mineral soils: Apply when crop has 2–9 true leaves. Muck soils: May be applied as sequential application: preemergence through loop stage, early postemergence (2–6 true leaf stage), late postemergence (6–9 true leaf stage). No more than 5.9 lb a.i./A per growing season. PHI 45 days. | |
|
Pyraflufen ethyl 0.001–0.003 |
(ET Herbicide/Defoliant) 0.5–2.0 fl oz |
14 |
Bulb vegetables |
Emerged broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply as a preplant burndown treatment. | |
|
POSTEMERGENCE |
Bromoxynil 0.38–0.5 |
(Buctril) 2 EC 1.5–2.0 pt |
6 |
Garlic |
Broadleaf weeds. Apply after emergence but before 12 in. tall. Weeds are most susceptible up to the 4-leaf stage, 2 in. tall, or 1 in. wide. PHI 112 days. |
|
Carfentrazone up to 0.031 |
(Aim) 2 EC up to 2 fl oz |
14 |
Onion (dry bulb), garlic, leek, chive, shallot |
Emerged broadleaf control. Post-direct hooded application to row middles for burndown of emerged weeds. Use crop oil concentrate or nonionic surfactant at recommended rates. PHI 0 days. | |
|
Clethodim 0.09–0.25 0.07–0.25 |
(Arrow) 2 EC 6–16 fl oz (Select Max) 1 EC 9–32 fl oz |
1 |
Onion (dry bulb), garlic, shallot (dry bulb) |
Annual and perennial grass control. Some labels include green onion. Consult label for use of a crop oil concentrate or nonionic surfactant. PHI 45 days. | |
|
Clethodim 0.09–0.13 |
(Arrow ) 2 EC 6–8 fl oz (Select Max) 1 EC 12–16 fl oz |
1 |
Chive, leek |
Emerged annual and perennial grasses. Consult label rate of COC or NIS. No more than 0.5 lb a.i./A per season. Select Max is not registered in leek. PHI 14 days. | |
|
Dimethenamid-p up to 1.0 |
(Outlook) 6 EC up to 21 fl oz |
15 |
Onion (dry bulb), garlic, leek, shallot (dry bulb, green) |
Broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply after the 2-true-leaf stage. Apply as a single application or split application. Split application of 10–14 fl oz, followed by 7–10 fl oz/A with 14 days between applications. No more than 21 fl oz/A per growing season. PHI 30 days. | |
|
Fluazifop 0.188 |
(Fusilade DX) 12 fl oz |
1 |
Onion (dry bulb), garlic |
Annual and perennial grass weeds. No more than 48 fl oz/A per season. Include a COC or NIS. PHI 45 days. | |
|
Oxyfluorfen 0.5 |
(Goal 2 XL) 2 EC 0.5 pt direct seeded (GoalTender) 4 EC 0.25 pt direct seeded |
14 |
Onion (dry bulb), garlic (dry bulb) |
Certain broadleaf weeds. Direct seeded only. Apply after the crop has 2 true leaves. Multiple treatments can be applied. No more than 0.5 lb a.i./A. Necrotic lesions, twisting, or stunting of plants can occur if applications are made during cool, wet weather or prior to development of true leaves. PHI 60 days. | |
|
Sethoxydim 0.19–0.28 |
(Poast) 1.5 EC 1.0–1.5 pt |
1 |
Onion (dry bulb, green), garlic, leek, shallot |
Grass weeds. Include a surfactant. No more than 4.5 pt/A per season. PHI 30 days. | |
|
Treflan 0.35–0.5 |
(Treflan) 4 EC 0.75–1.0 pt (Treflan TR-10) 3.75–5.0 lb |
3 |
Onion (dry bulb) |
Broadleaf and grass weeds. Apply at layby to the soil surface between onion rows. Remove weeds that are present. Do not apply in muck soils. PHI 60 days. |
Table 5. Insecticides labeled for management of arthropod pests of garlic, leeks, and shallots. Labels change frequently. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any chemical. Please refer to chapter 19 for information on biopesticides, including materials labeled for certified organic production. Contact: Xavier Martini, UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center—Quincy.
|
Insect or Mite Pest |
MOA Code1 |
Trade Name (Active Ingredient) |
Max Rate/Acre |
REI (Hours) |
Days to Harvest |
Remarks3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Appl. |
Season2 | ||||||
|
Aphids |
1B |
Malathion 5EC, 8F (malathion) |
5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt 8F: 1–1.56 pt |
40 fl oz |
24 |
3 |
Leeks, shallots, garlic. No more than 3 applications per year for garlic and 2 for all others. |
|
3A |
Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
30.72 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Leeks, shallots, and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (garlic). | |
|
3A + 6 |
*Gladiator (zeta-cypermethrin + avermectin B1) |
19 fl oz |
38 oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
Beet armyworm |
1A |
*Lannate LV; *SP (methomyl) |
LV: 1.5 pt SP: 0.5 lb |
2.7 lb a.i. |
48 |
7 |
Garlic only. |
|
3A |
Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
30.72 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A |
*Proaxis Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
0.12 lb a.i. |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A + 6 |
*Gladiator (zeta-cypermethrin + avermectin B1) |
19 fl oz |
38 fl oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
28 |
Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) |
3.5–5.0 fl oz |
15.4 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 4 foliar applications. For entire bulb vegetable group. | |
|
Caterpillars (includes cutworms and armyworms) |
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb and garlic only. |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
0.77–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
30.72 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz |
12 |
7 |
Leeks, shallots, and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
Garlic: 6.4–12.8 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Proaxis Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.92–3.20 fl oz |
1.92 pt |
12 |
14 |
Onion and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (garlic). | |
|
3A + 6 |
*Gladiator (zeta-cypermethrin + avermectin B1) |
19 fl oz |
38 oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–8 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For leeks, garlic, and shallots. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
5 |
Radiant SC (spinetoram) |
5–10 fl oz |
– |
4 |
1 |
Use with an adjuvant. No more than 5 applications per year. | |
|
18 |
Intrepid 2F (methoxyfenozide) |
4–12 fl oz |
32 fl oz per year |
4 |
1 |
Slow-acting IGR (insect growth regulator) that only affects larvae. Not for garlic. | |
|
Fire ants |
6 |
Clinch (abamectin) |
Broadcast application: 1 lb Per ant mound: 5–7 tablespoons |
4 lb per year |
4 |
0 |
Only apply when ants are active and no rain is forecast for the next 6 hr. |
|
7A |
Extinguish (S-methoprene) |
1–1.5 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Slow-acting IGR. Best applied early spring and fall where crop will be grown. Colonies will be reduced after 3 weeks and eliminated after 8–10 weeks. May be applied by ground equipment or aerially. | |
|
7C |
Esteem Ant Bait (pyriproxyfen) |
1.5–2.0 lb |
– |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb only. | |
|
Flea beetles |
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 3.5–7.0 fl oz Soil: 8.75–10.5 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
Foliar: 1 Soil: N/A |
– |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–8 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For leeks, garlic, and shallots. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
Liriomyza Leafminers |
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Label is registered only for garlic. |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
0.77–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
30.72 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Leeks, shallots, garlic. | |
|
3A + 6 |
*Gladiator (zeta-cypermethrin + avermectin B1) |
19 oz |
38 oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 3.5–7.0 fl oz Soil: 8.75–10.5 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
Foliar: 1 Soil: N/A |
– | |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–8 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For leeks, garlic, and shallots. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
5 |
Radiant SC (spinetoram) |
5–10 fl oz |
– |
4 |
1 |
Use with an adjuvant. No more than 5 applications per year. | |
|
6 |
*Agri-Mek SC (abamectin) |
1.75–3.5 fl oz |
10.25 fl oz |
12 |
30 |
Must be used with a nonionic activator-type wetting, spreading, and/or penetrating adjuvant, not a binder-sticker-type adjuvant. | |
|
6 + 28 |
*Minecto Pro (abamectin + cyantraniliprole) |
7–10 fl oz |
20.0 fl oz |
24 |
30 |
– | |
|
17 |
Trigard (cyromazine) |
2.66 oz |
– |
12 |
7 |
No more than 6 applications per crop. | |
|
28 |
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) |
13.5–20.5 fl oz |
0.4 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Toxic to bees. Do not allow drift to blooming crops or weeds. | |
|
Onion maggot (Delia antiqua) |
1B |
*Diazinon AG500 *Diazinon 50W (diazinon) |
AG500: 2–4 qt 50W: 4–8 lb |
– |
72 |
Preplant |
No more than 1 soil application per year. For leeks, garlic, and shallots. |
|
1B |
Malathion 5EC, 8F (malathion) |
5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt 8F: 1–1.56 pt |
40 fl oz |
Leeks, shallots, garlic: 24 |
3 |
Leeks, shallots, and garlic. No more than 3 applications per year for garlic and 2 for all others. | |
|
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Label is registered only for garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
0.77–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
30.72 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Leeks, shallots, and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
Onions: 6.4–19.2 oz Garlic: 6.4–12.8 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Proaxis Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.92–3.20 fl oz |
1.92 pt |
12 |
14 |
Onion and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (garlic). | |
|
3A + 6 |
*Gladiator (zeta-cypermethrin + avermectin B1) |
19 fl oz |
38 oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
Plant bugs |
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.02–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Garlic. |
|
3A |
Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
30.72 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A |
*Proaxis Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
1.92 pt |
12 |
14 |
Onion and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (garlic). | |
|
Stink bugs |
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Garlic only. Label is registered only for garlic. |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.02–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
Karate (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
30.72 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
– | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Leeks, shallots, and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
Onions: 6.4–19.2 oz Garlic: 6.4–12.8 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Proaxis Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
1.92 pt |
12 |
14 |
Onion and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (garlic). | |
|
3A + 6 |
*Gladiator (zeta-cypermethrin + avermectin B1) |
19 fl oz |
38 oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 3.5–7.0 fl oz Soil: 8.75–10.5 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
Foliar: 1 Soil: N/A |
– | |
|
Thrips (check label for species controlled) |
1A |
*Lannate LV; *SP (methomyl) |
LV: 1.5–3.0 pt SP: 0.5–1.0 lb |
2.7 lb a.i. |
48 |
7 |
– |
|
1B |
Malathion 5EC, 8F (malathion) |
5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt 8F: 1–1.56 pt |
40 fl oz |
Leeks, shallots, garlic: 24 |
3 |
Leeks, shallots, and garlic. No more than 3 applications per year for garlic and 2 for all others. | |
|
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Garlic only. Label is registered only for garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.02–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Leeks, shallots, and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
Onions: 6.4–19.2 oz Garlic: 6.4–12.8 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Bulb onions and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Proaxis Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
2.56–3.84 fl oz |
1.92 pt |
12 |
14 |
Onion and garlic. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (garlic). | |
|
3A + 6 |
*Gladiator (zeta-cypermethrin + avermectin B1) |
19 fl oz |
38 oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
4A |
Admire Pro (imidacloprid) |
14.0 fl oz |
14 fl oz |
12 |
21 |
– | |
|
4A |
Assail 30SG (acetamiprid) |
5.0–8.0 oz |
32 oz |
12 |
7 |
No more than 4 applications per season. | |
|
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 3.5–7.0 fl oz Soil: 8.75–10.5 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
Foliar: 1 Soil: N/A |
– | |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–8 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For leeks, garlic, and shallots. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
5 |
Radiant SC (spinetoram) |
5–10 fl oz |
– |
4 |
1 |
Use with an adjuvant. No more than 5 applications per year. | |
|
6 |
*Agri-Mek SC (abamectin) |
1.75–3.5 fl oz |
10.25 fl oz |
12 |
30 |
Must be used with a nonionic activator-type wetting, spreading, and/or penetrating adjuvant, not a binder-sticker-type adjuvant. | |
|
6 + 28 |
*Minecto Pro (abamectin + cyantraniliprole) |
10 fl oz |
20.0 fl oz |
12 |
30 |
– | |
|
7C |
Knack IGR (pyriproxyfen) |
8 fl oz |
– |
12 |
3 |
No more than 2 applications per year. Reapplications at least 14 days apart. No activity against adult insects. | |
|
28 |
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) |
13.5–20.5 fl oz |
0.4 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Label contains pollinator protection warnings. | |
|
Wireworms |
1B |
*Diazinon AG500 *Diazinon 50W (diazinon) |
AG500: 2–4 qt 50W: 4–8 lb |
– |
72 |
Preplant |
No more than 1 soil application per year. For leeks, garlic, and shallots. |
|
1 Mode of Action (MOA) codes for plant pest insecticides from the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Mode of Action Classification v. 11.1 January 2024. Number codes are used to distinguish the main insecticide mode of action groups, with additional letters for certain subgroups within each main group. All insecticides within the same group (with the same number) indicate the same active ingredient or a similar mode of action. This information must be considered for the insecticide resistance management decisions. 2 Always double-check labels regarding maximum application limits. Many labels are changing from a maximum rate per season (or crop cycle) to a maximum rate per year. 3 Information provided in this table applies only to Florida. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any product. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in the publication does not imply endorsement by UF/IFAS Extension nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. OMRI-listed: Listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute for use in organic production. *Restricted use insecticide. | |||||||
Table 6. Insecticides registered for managing arthropod pests of onions. Labels change frequently. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any chemical. Please refer to chapter 19 for information on biopesticides, including materials labeled for certified organic production. Contact: Xavier Martini, UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center—Quincy.
|
Pest |
MOA Code1 |
Trade Name (Active Ingredient) |
Max Rate/Acre |
REI (Hours) |
Days to Harvest |
Remarks3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Appl. |
Season2 | ||||||
|
Aphids |
1B |
Malathion 5EC, 8F (malathion) |
5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt 8F: 1.5 pt |
40 fl oz |
12 |
3 |
Onions, bulb and green. No more than 2 applications per year. Suppression only. |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Onions, bulb and green. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (onions and garlic), not green onions. Suppression only. | |
|
Caterpillars (includes cutworms and armyworms) |
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb and garlic only. |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
0.77–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Onions, bulb and green. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (onions), not green onions. | |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–6 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For onions, bulb and green. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
5 |
Radiant SC (spinetoram) |
5–10 fl oz |
30 fl oz per year |
4 |
1 |
Use with an adjuvant. No more than 5 applications per year. | |
|
11A |
Agree WG (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai) |
1.0–2.0 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Apply when larvae are small for best control. | |
|
11A |
Biobit HP (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.5–2.0 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential. Can be used in the greenhouse. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
11A |
Crymax WDG (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.5–2.0 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Use high rate for armyworms. Treat when larvae are young. | |
|
11A |
Deliver (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.25–1.5 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Use higher rates for armyworms. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
11A |
DiPel DF (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.25–2.0 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Treat when larvae are young. Good coverage is essential. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
11A |
Javelin WG (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) |
0.12–1.5 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Treat when larvae are young. Thorough coverage is essential. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
11A |
Xentari DF (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai) |
0.5–2.0 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Treat when larvae are young. Thorough coverage is essential. May be used in the greenhouse. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
18 |
Intrepid 2F (methoxyfenozide) |
4–8 fl oz |
32 fl oz per year |
4 |
1 |
Green onion subgroup only. | |
|
28 |
Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) |
3.5–7.5 fl oz |
15.4 fl oz per crop |
4 |
1 |
Beet armyworm only. No more than 4 foliar applications. | |
|
Fire ants |
7A |
Extinguish (S-methoprene) |
1–1.5 lb |
– |
4 |
0 |
Slow-acting IGR. Best applied early spring and fall where crop will be grown. Colonies will be reduced after 3 weeks and eliminated after 8–10 weeks. May be applied by ground equipment or aerially. |
|
7C |
Esteem Ant Bait (pyriproxyfen) |
1.5–2.0 lb |
– |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb only. | |
|
Flea beetles |
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 3.5–7.0 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
Foliar: 1 |
– |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–6 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For onions, bulb and green. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
Leafminers |
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb only. |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
0.77–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Onions, bulb and green. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
Onions: 6.4–19.2 oz |
1.0 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Bulb onions. No more | |
|
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 5.25–7.0 fl oz Soil: 8.75–10.5 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
Foliar: 1 Soil: N/A |
– | |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–6 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For onions, bulb and green. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
5 |
Radiant SC (spinetoram) |
6–10 fl oz |
30 fl oz per year |
4 |
1 |
Use with an adjuvant. No more than 5 applications per year. | |
|
6 |
*Agri-Mek SC (abamectin) |
1.75–3.5 fl oz |
10.25 fl oz |
12 |
30 |
Must be used with a nonionic activator-type wetting, spreading, and/or penetrating adjuvant, not a binder-sticker-type adjuvant. | |
|
17 |
Trigard (cyromazine) |
2.66 oz |
– |
12 |
7 |
No more than 6 applications per year. | |
|
28 |
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) |
13.5–20.5 fl oz |
0.4 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Toxic to bees. Do not allow drift to blooming crops or weeds. | |
|
Onion maggot |
1B |
*Diazinon AG500 *Diazinon 50W (diazinon) |
AG500: 2–4 qt 50W: 4–8 lb |
– |
72 |
preplant |
No more than 1 soil application per year. For onions, bulb and green. |
|
1B |
Malathion 5EC, 8F (malathion) |
5EC: 1.5–2.5 pt 8F: 1.5 pt |
40 fl oz |
12 |
3 |
Onions, bulb and green. No more than 2 applications per year. | |
|
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb only. | |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
0.77–1.28 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Onions, bulb and green. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (onions and garlic), not green onions. | |
|
Plant bugs |
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.02–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Bulb onions. |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (onions and garlic), not green onions. | |
|
Stink bugs |
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb only. |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.02–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
2.4–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Onions, bulb and green. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (onions), not green onions. | |
|
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 3.5–7.0 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
1 |
– | |
|
Thrips (check label for species controlled) |
1B |
Malathion 5EC, 8F (malathion) |
5EC: 1.5–2 pt 8F: 1.56 pt |
40 fl oz |
12 |
3 |
Onions, bulb and green. No more than 2 applications per year. |
|
3A |
*Ambush 25W (permethrin) |
6.4–19.2 oz |
2 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Dry bulb only. | |
|
3A |
*Declare Insecticide (gamma-cyhalothrin) |
1.02–1.54 fl oz |
0.77 pt |
24 |
14 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Mustang (zeta-cypermethrin) |
3.2–4.3 oz |
21.5 oz
|
12 |
7 |
Onions, bulb and green. | |
|
3A |
*Pounce 25 WP (permethrin) |
9.6–19.2 oz |
0.8 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Bulb onions. | |
|
3A |
*Warrior II (lambda-cyhalothrin) |
0.96–1.92 fl oz |
15.36 fl oz |
24 |
14 |
For bulb crops only (onions and garlic), not green onions. | |
|
4A |
Admire Pro (imidacloprid) |
14.0 fl oz |
14 fl oz |
12 |
21 |
– | |
|
4A |
Assail 30SG (acetamiprid) |
5.0–8.0 oz |
32 oz |
12 |
7 |
No more than 4 applications per season. | |
|
4A |
Scorpion 35SL (dinotefuran) |
Foliar: 5.25–7.0 fl oz Soil: 8.75–10.5 fl oz |
10.5 fl oz |
12 |
Foliar: 1 Soil: N/A |
– | |
|
5 |
Entrust SC (spinosad) |
3–8 fl oz |
29 fl oz |
4 |
1 |
No more than 5 applications per year. For onions, bulb and green. OMRI-listed.3 | |
|
5 |
Radiant SC (spinetoram) |
6–10 fl oz |
30 fl oz per year |
4 |
1 |
Use with an adjuvant. No more than 5 applications per year. | |
|
6 |
*Agri-Mek SC (abamectin) |
1.75–3.5 fl oz |
10.25 fl oz |
12 |
30 |
Must be used with a nonionic activator-type wetting, spreading, and/or penetrating adjuvant, not a binder-sticker-type adjuvant. | |
|
7C |
Knack IGR (pyriproxyfen) |
8 fl oz |
– |
12 |
3 |
No more than 2 applications per year. Reapplications at least 14 days apart. No activity against adult insects. | |
|
23 |
Movento (spirotetramat) |
5 fl oz |
10 fl oz |
24 |
3 |
– | |
|
28 |
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) |
13.5–20.5 fl oz |
0.4 lb a.i. |
12 |
1 |
Toxic to bees. Rotate with other effective modes of action. Begin making applications when populations are low. If populations are above threshold, use an effective knockdown product prior to applying Exirel. | |
|
Wireworms |
1B |
*Diazinon AG500 *Diazinon 50W (diazinon) |
AG500: 3–4 qt 50W: 4–8 lb |
– |
72 |
Preplant |
No more than 1 soil application per year. For onions, bulb and green. |
|
1 Mode of Action (MOA) codes for plant pest insecticides from the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Mode of Action Classification v. 11.1 January 2024. Number codes are used to distinguish the main insecticide mode of action groups, with additional letters for certain subgroups within each main group. All insecticides within the same group (with the same number) indicate the same active ingredient or a similar mode of action. This information must be considered for the insecticide resistance management decisions. 2 Always double-check labels regarding maximum application limits. Many labels are changing from a maximum rate per season (or crop cycle) to a maximum rate per year. 3 Information provided in this table applies only to Florida. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any product. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in the publication does not imply endorsement by UF/IFAS Extension nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. OMRI-listed: Listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute for use in organic production. *Restricted use insecticide. | |||||||
Table 7. Onion fungicides ordered by disease and then FRAC group according to their mode of action. Labels change frequently. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any chemical. Please refer to chapter 19 for information on biopesticides, including materials labeled for certified organic production. Contact: Pamela Roberts, UF/IFAS Southwest Florida Research and Education Center.
|
Pertinent Diseases or Pathogens |
Fungicide Group1 |
Chemical (Active Ingredients) |
Max Rate/Acre |
Min. Days to |
Remarks3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Appl. |
Season2 |
Harvest |
Reentry | ||||
|
Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii) |
M1 |
(copper compounds) Many brands available: Badge SC, Badge X2, Champ DP, Champ F2 FL, Champ WG, Cuprofix Ultra 40D, Cuproxat, Cueva, Kentan DF, Kocide 2000, Kocide 3000, Kop-hydroxide, Master Cop, Nu-Cop 50WP, Nu-Cop 50DF, Nu-Cop HB, Previsto |
See individual label |
See individual label |
0 |
Varies by product from 4 hr to 2 days |
Frequent use of copper fungicides may cause foliar burn. |
|
M1 + M3 |
Mankocide (copper hydroxide + mancozeb) |
2.25 lb |
160 lb (per crop) |
7 |
2 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. | |
|
P01 |
Actigard 50WG (acibenzolar-S-methyl) |
1 oz |
4 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Do not apply to plants that are stressed or prior or within 5 days of transplanting. Suppression only. | |
|
27 + 11 |
Tanos (cymoxanil + famoxadone) |
8 oz |
84 oz |
3 |
0.5 |
See label. Suppression only. | |
|
Black mold (Aspergillus niger) |
9 + 12 |
Switch 62.5WG Alterity 62.5WG Palladium (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) |
14 oz |
56 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. Do not plant crops not on the label for 30 days after last application. |
|
9 + 3 |
Inspire Super Vango ESQ (cyprodinil + difenoconazole) |
20 fl oz |
See individual label |
– |
– |
See label. Suppression only. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Suppression only. | |
|
9 + 12 |
Alerity 62.5WG (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) |
14 oz |
56 oz per year |
7 |
0.5 |
Suppression only. | |
|
Botrytis leaf blight (Botrytis squamosa) |
M1 + M3 |
ManKocide (copper hydroxide + mancozeb) |
2.25 lb |
160 lb (per crop) |
7 |
2 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. |
|
M3 |
(mancozeb) Many brands available: Dithane DF, Dithane F45, Dithane M45, Koverall, Manzate, Manzate Pro-Stik, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. | |
|
M5 |
(chlorothalonil) Many brands available: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weather Stik, Bravo Zn, Chloronil 720, Chlorothalonil 720 EC, Echo 720, Echo 90 DF, Echo Zn, Equus 500 Zn, Equus 720 SST, Equus DF, Initiate 720, Initiate ZN |
See individual label |
See individual label |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14 |
1 |
– | |
|
2 |
(iprodione) Many brands available: Enclosure 4, Iprodione 4L AG, Meteor, Nevado 4F, Rovral 4 Flowable |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
– | |
|
3 |
(propiconazole) Many brands available: Amtide Propiconazole 41.8% EC, Bumper 41.8 EC, Bumper ES, Fitness, Propicure, Propimax EC, Propistar EC, Shar-Shield PPZ, Tide Propiconazole EC, Tilt |
See individual label |
See individual label |
See label |
0.5 |
Suppression only. | |
|
3 + 7 |
Luna Experience (fluopyram + tebuconazole) |
12.8 fl oz |
25.6 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate with fungicides of dissimilar modes of action. | |
|
4 + M5 |
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC (mefenoxam + chlorothalonil) |
See label |
– |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14–21 |
2 |
– | |
|
7 |
Endura (boscalid) |
6.8 oz |
41 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
7 |
Fontelis (penthiopyrad) |
24 fl oz |
72 fl oz |
3 |
0.5 |
See label. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Aprovia Top (difenoconazole + benzovindiflupyr) |
10.5 fl oz |
54.0 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Adjuvant recommended. No more than 4 applications per year. | |
|
7 + 9 |
Luna Tranquility (fluopyram + pyrimethanil) |
27 fl oz |
54.7 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications per year. | |
|
7 + 11 |
Merivon Xemium (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) |
11 fl oz |
33 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate with fungicides of dissimilar modes of action. | |
|
9 |
Scala SC (pyrimethanil) |
18 fl oz |
54 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. | |
|
9 |
Vangard WG Vango WG (cyprodinil) |
10 oz |
28 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. | |
|
9 + 3 |
Inspire Super Vango ESQ (cyprodinil + difenoconazole) |
20 fl oz |
See individual label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications before alternating with a different fungicide group. | |
|
9 + 12 |
Switch 62.5WG Alterity 62.5WG Palladium (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) |
14 oz |
56 oz per year |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. Do not plant crops not on the label for 30 days after last applications. | |
|
11 |
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) |
12 oz |
72 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. No more than 5 applications per crop. Suppression only. | |
|
11 |
Quadris Aframe Many products: see label (azoxystrobin) |
See individual label |
See individual label |
See label |
4 hr |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 + M5 |
Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil) |
3.7 pt |
See individual label |
14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with different fungicide groups. No more than 3 applications per crop. Do not tank-mix with COC, MSO, or silicon adjuvant. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quadris Top Acadia (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole) |
14 fl oz |
42 fl oz per year |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to another fungicide with a non-QoI (Group 11) mode of action. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quilt Xcel (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) |
Dry bulb: 21 fl oz Green: 26 fl oz |
56 fl oz |
Dry bulb: 14 Green: 0 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to a non-group 11 fungicide. | |
|
11 + 7 |
Pristine (pyraclostrobin + boscalid) |
18.5 oz |
111 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. No more than 6 applications per crop. | |
|
14 |
Botran 5F (DCNA dicloran) |
2–3.2 lb |
See individual label |
14 |
See label |
– | |
|
22 + M5 |
Zing! (zoxamide + chlorothalonil) |
30 fl oz |
7.5 qt |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 8 applications per year. | |
|
29 |
Omega 500F (fluazinam) |
1 pt |
6 pt |
7 |
2 |
– | |
|
Botrytis neck rot (Botrytis allii) |
M3 |
(mancozeb) Many brands available: Dithane DF, Dithane F45, Dithane M45, Koverall, Manzate, Manzate Pro-Stik, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. |
|
M5 |
(chlorothalonil) Many brands available: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weather Stik, Bravo Zn, Chloronil 720, Chlorothalonil 720 EC, Echo 720, Echo 90 DF, Echo Zn, Equus 500 Zn, Equus 720 SST, Equus DF, Initiate 720, Initiate ZN |
See individual label |
See individual label |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14 |
1 |
– | |
|
2 |
(iprodione) Many brands available: Enclosure 4, Iprodione 4L AG, Meteor, Nevado 4F, Rovral 4 Flowable |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
– | |
|
7 |
Fontelis (penthiopyrad) |
24 fl oz |
72 fl oz |
3 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
7 + 3 |
Aprovia Top (difenoconazole + benzovindiflupyr) |
10.5 fl oz |
54.0 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Adjuvant recommended. No more than 4 applications per year. | |
|
7 + 12 |
Miravis Prime (pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil) |
11.4 fl oz |
34.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
9 |
Scala SC (pyrimethanil) |
18 fl oz |
54 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. | |
|
9 |
Vangard WG Vango WG (cyprodinil) |
10 oz |
28 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. Suppression only. | |
|
9 + 12 |
Switch 62.5WG Alterity 62.5WG Palladium (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) |
14 oz |
56 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. Do not plant crops not on the label for 30 days after last application. Suppression only. | |
|
11 + M5 |
Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil) |
3.7 pt |
See individual label |
14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with different fungicide groups. No more than 3 applications per crop. Do not tank-mix with COC, MSO, or silicon adjuvant. Suppression only. | |
|
11 + 7 |
Pristine (pyraclostrobin + boscalid) |
18.5 oz |
111 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. No more than 6 applications per crop. | |
|
14 |
Botran 5F (DCNA dicloran) |
3.5 lb |
See individual label |
14 |
See label |
– | |
|
29 |
Omega 500F (fluazinam) |
1 pt |
6 pt |
7 |
2 |
– | |
|
49 + M5 |
Orondis Opti (oxathiapiprolin + chlorothalonil) |
2.5 pt |
10 pt |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 sequential applications, and do not exceed more than 33% of all fungicide applications with Orondis. | |
|
Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora duddiae) |
11 + 3 |
Quadris Top Acadia (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole) |
14 fl oz |
42 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to another fungicide with a non-QoI (Group 11) mode of action. |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
Cladosporium leaf blotch (Cladosporium allii) |
3 + 7 + 11 |
Trivapro (propiconazole + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) |
27.7 fl oz |
55.4 fl oz per year |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group not in 7 or 11. |
|
7 + 3 |
Aprovia Top (difenoconazole + benzovindiflupyr) |
10.5 fl oz |
54.0 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Adjuvant recommended. No more than 4 applications per year. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
7 + 12 |
Miravis Prime (pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil) |
11.4 fl oz |
34.2 fl oz |
7 |
12 hr |
– | |
|
9 + 3 |
Inspire Super Vango ESQ (cyprodinil + difenoconazole) |
20 fl oz |
See individual label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications before alternating with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 |
Quadris Aframe Many products available (azoxystrobin) |
See individual label |
See individual label |
See label |
4 hr |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 + M5 |
Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil) |
3.7 pt |
See individual label |
14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with different fungicide groups. No more than 3 applications per crop. Do not tank-mix with COC, MSO, or silicon adjuvant. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quadris Top Acadia (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole) |
14 fl oz |
42 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to another fungicide with a non-QoI (Group 11) mode of action. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quilt Xcel (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) |
Dry bulb: 21 fl oz Green: 26 fl oz |
56 fl oz |
Dry bulb: 14 Green: 0 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to a non-group 11 fungicide. | |
|
Damping-off |
M3 |
(mancozeb) Many brands available: Dithane DF, Dithane F45, Dithane M45, Koverall, Manzate, Manzate Pro-Stik, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. |
|
2 |
(iprodione) Many brands available: Iprodione 4L AG, Meteor, Nevado 4F, Rovral 4 Flowable |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
– | |
|
4 |
Ridomil Gold Subdue Maxx (mefenoxam) |
– |
– |
– |
– |
See individual label. | |
|
4 + 11 |
Uniform (mefenoxam, azoxystrobin) |
0.34 fl oz/1000 row ft |
0.34 fl oz/1000 row ft |
– |
– |
– | |
|
12 |
Cannonball WG (fludioxonil) |
7 oz |
32 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
12 |
Maxim 4FS (fludioxonil) |
0.16 fl oz/100 lb seed |
– |
– |
– |
Seed treatment only. | |
|
Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) |
M1 |
(copper compounds) Many brands available: Badge SC, Badge X2, Basic Copper 53, Champ DP, Champ F2 FL, Champ WG, C-O-C DF, C-O-C-S WDG, C-O-C WP, Copper Count N, Cuprofix Ultra 40D, Cueva, Kentan DF, Kocide 2000, Kocide 3000, Kocide DF, Nordox, Nordox 75WP, Nu Cop 3L, Nu Cop 50DF, Nu Cop HB |
See individual label |
See individual label |
0 |
Varies from 4 hr to 2 days. |
Frequent use of copper fungicides may cause foliar burn. |
|
M1 + M2 |
Top Cop with sulfur (basic copper sulfate + sulfur) |
2–3 qt |
See label |
0 |
1 |
Do not use during hot weather or within 4 weeks of an oil application. | |
|
M1 + M3 |
Mankocide (copper hydroxide + mancozeb) |
2.25 lb |
160 lb (per crop) |
7 |
2 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. | |
|
M3 |
(mancozeb) Many brands available: Dithane DF, Dithane F45, Dithane M45, Koverall, Manzate, Manzate Pro-Stik, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. | |
|
M5 |
(chlorothalonil) Many brands available: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weather Stik, Bravo Zn, Chloronil 720, Chlorothalonil 720 EC, Echo 720, Echo 90 DF, Echo Zn, Equus 500 Zn, Equus 720 SST, Equus DF, Initiate 720, Initiate ZN |
See individual label |
See individual label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
1 |
Suppression only. | |
|
4 + M1 |
Ridomil Gold/Copper (mefenoxam + copper hydroxide) |
2 lb |
– |
Green: 7 Dry bulb: 10 |
2 |
No more than 0.4 lb a.i./A of metalaxyl or mefenoxam. | |
|
4 + M3 |
Ridomil Gold MZ WG (mefenoxam + mancozeb) |
2.5 lb |
– |
Dry bulb: 7 |
2 |
– | |
|
4 + M5 |
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC (mefenoxam + chlorothalonil) |
See label |
– |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14–21 |
2 |
– | |
|
11 |
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) |
12 oz |
72 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. No more than 5 applications per crop. | |
|
11 |
Quadris Aframe (azoxystrobin) |
See individual label |
See individual label |
See label |
4 hr |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 |
Reason 500SC (fenamidone) |
5.5 fl oz |
22 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 + M5 |
Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil) |
3.7 pt |
See label |
14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. No more than 3 applications per crop. Do not tank-mix with COC, MSO, or silicon adjuvant. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quilt Xcel (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) |
Dry bulb: 21 fl oz Green: 26 fl oz |
56 fl oz |
Dry bulb: 14 Green: 0 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to a non-group 11 fungicide. | |
|
11 + 7 |
Pristine (pyraclostrobin + boscalid) |
18.5 oz |
111 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. No more than 6 applications per crop. Suppression only. | |
|
21 |
Actigard 50WG (acibenzolar-S-methyl) |
1 oz |
4 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Do not apply to plants that are stressed or prior or within 5 days transplanting. Suppression only. | |
|
21 |
Ranman (cyazofamid) |
3 fl oz |
16.5 fl oz |
0 |
0.5 |
Alternate with fungicides of dissimilar modes of action. No more than 3 sequential applications. | |
|
22 + M5 |
Zing! (zoxamide + chlorothalonil) |
30 fl oz |
7.5 qt |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 8 applications per year. | |
|
27 + 11 |
Tanos (cymoxanil + famoxadone) |
8 oz |
84 oz |
3 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
29 |
Omega 500F (fluazinam) |
1 pt |
6 pt |
7 |
2 |
– | |
|
33 |
Aliette WDG Linebacker WDG (fosetyl-Al) |
3 lb |
– |
See label |
See label |
Do not tank mix with copper fungicides, adjuvants, or foliar fertilizers. No more than 7 applications per season. | |
|
33 |
(mono- and dipotassium salts of phosphorous acid) Many brands available: Alude, Confine Extra, Fosiphite, Fungi-Phite, K-Phite 7LP, Oxiphos, Phiticide, Prophyt, Phostrol, Rampart, Reveille |
See individual label |
See individual label |
0 |
4 hr |
– | |
|
40 |
Forum (dimethomorph) |
6 oz |
30 oz |
0 |
0.5 |
Must be applied in a tank mix with another fungicide active against downy mildew. No more than 2 sequential applications. | |
|
40 |
Revus (mandipropamid) |
8 fl oz |
Dry: 32 fl oz Green: 24 fl oz |
7 |
4 hr |
No more than 2 consecutive applications before switching to a non-group 40 fungicide. A silicon-based adjuvant must be added at recommended rates. | |
|
40 + 45 |
Zampro (dimethomorph + ametoctradin) |
14 fl oz |
42 fl oz |
0 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
43 |
Presidio (fluopicolide) |
4 fl oz |
– |
2 |
0.5 |
No more than 4 applications of Presidio per season. | |
|
49 + M5 |
Orondis Opti (oxathiapiprolin + chlorothalonil) |
2.5 pt |
10 pt |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 sequential applications and do not exceed more than 33% of all fungicide applications with Orondis. | |
|
49 + 40 |
Orondis Ultra (oxathiapiprolin + mandipropamid) |
8 fl oz |
Dry: 32 fl oz Green: 24 fl oz |
7 |
4 hr |
No more than 2 sequential applications and do not exceed more than 33% of all fungicide applications with Orondis. | |
|
Iris Yellow Spot (Iris yellow spot virus) |
21 |
Actigard 50WG (acibenzolar-S-methyl) |
1 oz |
4 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Do not apply to plants that are stressed or prior or within 5 days transplanting. Suppression only. |
|
Powdery mildew |
M2 |
(sulfur) Many brands available: Kumulus DF, Microfine Sulfur, Micro Sulf, Microthiol Disperss, Sulfur 90W, Yellow Jacket Wettable Sulfur |
See individual label |
See individual label |
0 |
1 |
Do not use during hot weather or within 4 weeks of an oil application. |
|
3 + 7 + 11 |
Trivapro (propiconazole + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) |
27.7 fl oz |
55.4 fl oz per year |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group not in 7 or 11. | |
|
7 |
Fontelis (penthiopyrad) |
24 fl oz |
72 fl oz |
3 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
7 + 3 |
Aprovia Top (difenoconazole + benzovindiflupyr) |
10.5 fl oz |
54.0 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Adjuvant recommended. No more than 4 applications per year. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
9 + 3 |
Inspire Super Vango ESQ (cyprodinil + difenoconazole) |
20 fl oz |
See label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications before alternating with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 |
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) |
12 oz |
72 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. No more than 5 applications per crop. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quadris Top Acadia (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole) |
14 fl oz |
42 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to another fungicide with a non-QoI (Group 11) mode of action. | |
|
Purple blotch (Alternaria porri) |
M1 |
(copper compounds) Many brands available: Badge SC, Badge X2, Basic Copper 53, Champ DP, Champ F2 FL, Champ WG, C-O-C DF, C-O-C-S WDG, C-O-C WP, Copper Count N, Cueva, Cuprofix Ultra 40D, Cuproxat, Kentan DF, Kocide 2000, Kocide 3000, Kocide DF, Kop-hydroxide, Nordox, Nordox 75WP, Nu Cop 3L, Nu Cop 50DF, Nu Cop HB |
See individual label |
See individual label |
0 |
Varies from 4 hr to 2 days. |
Frequent use of copper fungicides may cause foliar burn. |
|
M1 + M2 |
Top Cop with sulfur (basic copper sulfate + sulfur) |
3 qt |
See individual label |
0 |
1 |
Do not use during hot weather or within 4 weeks of an oil application. | |
|
M1 + M3 |
Mankocide (copper hydroxide + mancozeb) |
2.25 lb |
160 lb (per crop) |
7 |
2 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. | |
|
M3 |
(mancozeb) Many brands available: Dithane DF, Dithane F45, Dithane M45, Koverall, Manzate, Manzate Pro-Stik, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. | |
|
M5 |
(chlorothalonil) Many brands available: Bravo Ultrex, Bravo Weather Stik, Bravo Zn, Chloronil 720, Chlorothalonil 720 EC, Echo 720, Echo 90 DF, Echo Zn, Equus 500 Zn, Equus 720 SST, Equus DF, Initiate 720, Initiate Zn |
See individual label |
See individual label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
1 |
– | |
|
2 |
(iprodione) Many brands available: Enclosure 4, Iprodione 4L AG, Meteor, Nevado 4F, Rovral 4 Flowable |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
– | |
|
3 |
(propiconazole) Many brands available: Amtide Propiconazole 41.8% EC, Bumper 41.8 EC, Bumper ES, Fitness, Propimax EC, Propistar EC, Shar-Shield PPZ, Tide Propionazole EC, Tilt |
See individual label |
See individual label |
See label |
0.5 |
– | |
|
3 |
(tebuconazole) Many brands available: Monsoon, Onset 3.6L, Orius 3.6 F, Tebu-Crop 3.6F, Tebustar 3.6 L, Tebuzol 3.6F, Toledo |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
3 |
Cevya (Mefentrifluconazole) |
5 fl oz |
15 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
3 + M5 |
Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil) |
1.6 pt |
3.2 pt |
7 |
0.5 |
Apply in a protective fungicide schedule. | |
|
3 + 7 |
Luna Experience (fluopyram + tebuconazole) |
12.8 fl oz |
25.6 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate with fungicides of dissimilar modes of action. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
3 + 7 + 11 |
Trivapro (propiconazole + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) |
27.7 fl oz |
55.4 fl oz per year |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group not in 7 or 11. | |
|
4 + M5 |
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC (mefenoxam + chlorothalonil) |
See label |
– |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14/21 |
2 |
– | |
|
7 |
Endura (boscalid) |
6.8 oz |
41 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
7 |
Fontelis (penthiopyrad) |
24 fl oz |
72 fl oz |
3 |
0.5 |
See label. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Aprovia Top (difenoconazole + benzovindiflupyr) |
10.5 fl oz |
54.0 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Adjuvant recommended. No more than 4 applications per year. | |
|
7 + 9 |
Luna Tranquility (fluopyram + pyrimethanil) |
27 fl oz |
54.7 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications per year. | |
|
7 + 11 |
Merivon Xemium (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) |
11 fl oz |
33 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate with fungicides of dissimilar modes of action. | |
|
7 + 12 |
Miravis Prime (pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil) |
11.4 fl oz |
34.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
9 |
Scala SC (pyrimethanil) |
18 fl oz |
54 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. | |
|
9 |
Vangard WG Vango WG (cyprodinil) |
10 oz |
28 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. | |
|
9 + 3 |
Inspire Super Vango ESQ (cyprodinil + difenoconazole) |
20 fl oz |
See label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications before alternating with a different fungicide group. | |
|
9 + 12 |
Switch 62.5WG Alterity 62.5WG Palladium (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) |
14 oz |
56 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. Do not plant crops not on the label for 30 days after last application. | |
|
11 |
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) |
12 oz |
72 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. No more than 5 applications per crop. | |
|
11 |
Quadris (azoxystrobin) |
See label |
92.3 fl oz |
See label |
4 hr |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 |
Reason 500SC (fenamidone) |
5.5 fl oz |
22 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 + M5 |
Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil) |
3.7 pt |
See label |
14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with different fungicide groups. No more than 3 applications per crop. Do not tank-mix with COC, MSO, or silicon adjuvant. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quadris Top Acadia (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole) |
14 fl oz |
42 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to another fungicide with a non-QoI (Group 11) mode of action. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quilt Xcel (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) |
Dry bulb: 21 fl oz Green: 26 fl oz |
56 fl oz |
Dry bulb: 14 Green: 0 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to a non-group 11 fungicide. | |
|
11 + 7 |
Pristine (pyraclostrobin + boscalid) |
18.5 oz |
111 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. No more than 6 applications per crop. | |
|
22 + M5 |
Zing! (zoxamide + chlorothalonil) |
30 fl oz |
7.5 qt |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 8 applications per year. | |
|
27 + 11 |
Tanos (cymoxanil + famoxadone) |
8 oz |
84 oz |
3 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
29 |
Omega 500F (fluazinam) |
1 pt |
6 pt |
7 |
2 |
– | |
|
33 |
Aliette WDG Linebacker WDG (fosetyl-Al) |
3 lb |
– |
See label |
See label |
Do not tank mix with copper fungicides, adjuvants, or foliar fertilizers. Suppression only. No more than 7 applications per season. | |
|
49 + M5 |
Orondis Opti (oxathiapiprolin + chlorothalonil) |
2.5 pt |
10 pt |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 sequential applications, and do not exceed more than 33% of all fungicide applications with Orondis. | |
|
Pythium damping-off |
4 |
(mefenoxam) Many brands available: Apron XL, Ridomil Gold EC, Ridomil Gold SL, Ultra Flourish |
See individual label |
See individual label |
N/A |
2 |
– |
|
4 |
(metalaxyl) Many brands available: Allegiance, Aquire, MetaStar 2E, Sebring 2.65 ST, Sebring 318 FS, Sebring 480 FS |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– | |
|
11 + 4 |
Uniform (azoxystrobin + mefenoxam) |
See individual label |
– |
– |
– |
– | |
|
Rhizoctonia damping-off |
11 |
Dynasty (azoxystrobin) |
0.38 fl oz/100 lb seed |
See individual label |
See label |
4 hr |
Seed treatment only. |
|
11 |
Quadris (azoxystrobin) |
0.8 fl oz/1000 row feet |
See individual label |
0 |
4 hr |
– | |
|
11 + 4 |
Uniform (azoxystrobin + mefenoxam) |
See label |
– |
– |
– |
– | |
|
Rust (Puccinia allii) |
3 |
(tebuconazole) Many brands available: Monsoon, Onset 3.6L, Orius 3.6 F, Tebu-Crop 3.6F, Tebustar 3.6 L, Tebuzol 3.6F, Toledo |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
0.5 |
– |
|
3 + M5 |
Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil) |
1.6 pt |
3.2 pt |
7 |
0.5 |
Apply in a protective fungicide schedule. | |
|
3 + 7 + 11 |
Trivapro (propiconazole + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) |
27.7 fl oz |
55.4 fl oz per year |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group not in 7 or 11. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
9 + 3 |
Inspire Super Vango ESQ (cyprodinil + difenoconazole) |
See individual label |
See individual label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications before alternating with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 |
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) |
12 oz |
72 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. No more than 5 applications per crop. | |
|
11 |
Quadris (azoxystrobin) |
See individual label |
92.3 fl oz |
See label |
4 hr |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quilt Xcel (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) |
Dry bulb: 21 fl oz Green: 26 fl oz |
56 fl oz |
Dry bulb: 14 Green: 0 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to a non-group 11 fungicide. | |
|
Seedling blight |
M3 |
(mancozeb) Many brands available: Dithane DF, Dithane F45, Dithane M45, Koverall, Manzate, Manzate Pro-Stik, Penncozeb 4FL, Penncozeb 75DF, Penncozeb 80WP, Roper DF |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
Do not apply to exposed bulbs. |
|
11 |
Dynasty (azoxystrobin) |
0.38 fl oz/100 lb seed |
See individual label |
See label |
4 hr |
– | |
|
12 |
Maxim 4FS Spirato 480 FS (fludioxonil) |
0.16 fl oz/100 lb seed |
– |
– |
0.5 |
– | |
|
14 |
Botran 5F (DCNA dicloran) |
3.5 lb |
See label |
14 |
See label |
– | |
|
Stemphylium blight (Stemphylium vesicarium) |
2 |
(iprodione) Many brands available: Enclosure 4, Iprodione 4L AG, Meteor, Nevado 4F, Rovral 4 Flowable |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
1 |
– |
|
3 + 7 + 11 |
Trivapro (propiconazole + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) |
27.7 fl oz |
55.4 fl oz per year |
Dry bulb: 7 Green: 14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with a different fungicide group not in 7 or 11. | |
|
7 |
Fontelis (penthiopyrad) |
24 fl oz |
72 fl oz |
3 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
9 + 3 |
Inspire Super Vango ESQ (cyprodinil + difenoconazole) |
20 fl oz |
See individual label |
Green: 14 Dry bulb: 7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 applications before alternating with a different fungicide group. | |
|
9 + 12 |
Switch 62.5WG Alterity 62.5WG Palladium (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) |
14 oz |
56 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. Do not plant crops not on the label for 30 days after last application. | |
|
11 + 3 |
Quadris Top Acadia (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole) |
14 fl oz |
42 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 1 application before alternating to another fungicide with a non-QoI (Group 11) mode of action. | |
|
11 + 7 |
Pristine (pyraclostrobin + boscalid) |
18.5 oz |
111 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. No more than 6 applications per crop. | |
|
29 |
Omega 500F (fluazinam) |
1 pt |
6 pt |
7 |
1 |
Begin sprays at first development and continue on 7- to 14-day schedule. | |
|
White rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) |
1 |
(thiophanate-methyl) Many brands available: Incognito 4.5 F, NuFarm T-Methyl 4.5 F, NuFarm T-Methyl 70 WSB, Thiophanate-methyl 85 WDG, Topsin 4.5 FL, Topsin M 70 WDG, Topsin M 70 WP, Topsin M WSB |
See individual label |
See individual label |
– |
3 |
– |
|
3 |
(tebuconazole) Many brands available: Onset 3.6L, Orius 3.6 F, Tebu-Crop 3.6F, Tebustar 3.6 L, Tebuzol 3.6F, Toledo |
See individual label |
See individual label |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
7 |
Fontelis (penthiopyrad) |
24 fl oz |
72 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
Spray into empty furrow at time of planting. | |
|
7 + 3 |
Luna Flex (fluopyram + difenocoazole) |
13.6 fl oz |
27.2 fl oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
9 + 12 |
Switch 62.5WG Alterity 62.5WG (cyprodinil + fludioxonil) |
14 oz |
56 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
No more than 2 consecutive applications. Do not plant crops not on the label for 30 days after last application. | |
|
11 + M5 |
Quadris Opti (azoxystrobin + chlorothalonil) |
3.7 pt |
See individual label |
14 |
0.5 |
Alternate applications with different fungicide groups. No more than 3 applications per crop. Do not tank-mix with COC, MSO, or silicon adjuvant. | |
|
12 |
Cannonball WG (fludioxonil) |
7 oz |
32 oz |
7 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
12 |
Maxim 4FS (fludioxonil) |
0.16 fl oz/100 lb seed |
– |
– |
0.5 |
– | |
|
14 |
Botran 5F (DCNA dicloran) |
3.5 lb |
See individual label |
14 |
0.5 |
– | |
|
1 FRAC code (fungicide group): Numbers and letters are used to distinguish the fungicide mode of action groups. All fungicides within the same group (with the same number or letter) indicate the same active ingredient or a similar mode of action. This information must be considered for the fungicide resistance management decisions. Source: FRAC Code List; https://www.frac.info/ (FRAC = Fungicide Resistance Action Committee). 2 Always double-check labels regarding maximum application limits. Many labels are changing from a maximum rate per season (or crop cycle) to a maximum rate per year. 3 Information provided in this table applies only to Florida. Be sure to read a current product label before applying any chemical. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in the publication does not imply endorsement by UF/IFAS Extension nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. | |||||||
Table 8. Nonfumigant nematicides for onion and alliums.
|
Product |
Application Directions |
|---|---|
|
Velum (a.i. fluopyram) |
Apply 6.5–6.8 fl oz/A either (1) preplant banded or broadcast spray directed to the soil and incorporated into the planting bed or (2) via chemigation into root zone through low-pressure drip, trickle, microsprinkler, or equivalent irrigation. Reapplications at least 14 days apart. No more than 13.7 fl oz/A of Velum (0.446 lb/A fluopyram) per year, regardless of formulation or method of application (soil or foliar). Do not apply within 30 days of harvest. |
|
Biological nematicides |
See chapter 19. |
Table 9. Fumigant nematicides for onion and alliums.
|
Nematicide |
Broadcast Application1 |
In-the-Row Applications | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Gallons per Acre |
fl oz/1000 ft/chisel spaced 12" apart | ||
|
Telone II2,3 |
9–12 |
26–35 |
For any row spacing, application rates given may be concentrated in the row but shall never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail. |
|
Telone C-172,3 |
10.8–17.1 |
31.8–50.2 |
For any row spacing, application rates given may be concentrated in the row but shall never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail. |
|
Telone C-352,3 |
13–20.5 |
38–60 |
For any row spacing, application rates given may be concentrated in the row but shall never exceed labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail. |
|
Pic-Clor 602,3 |
19–31.5 |
57–90 |
For any row spacing, application rates should never exceed the labeled maximum for broadcast applications. Consult the product label for additional detail. |
|
Vapam HL |
75 |
– |
For drip or in-row chisel fumigation, consult product label for proportionately reduced overall rates, drip concentration, and flow-modifying directions. |
|
KPam HL |
60 |
– |
For drip or in-row chisel fumigation, consult product label for proportionately reduced overall rates, drip concentration, and flow-modifying directions. |
|
Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) Dominus |
40 |
– |
For drip or in-row fumigation and crop termination, consult product label for overall rates, drip concentration, and flow-modifying directions. |
|
1 Gallons/acre and fl oz/1000 ft provided only for mineral soils. Higher rates may be possible for heavier-textured (loam, silt, clay) or highly organic soils. 2 All of the fumigants mentioned are for retail sale and use only by state-certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision. New supplemental labeling for the Telone products must be in the hands of the user at the time of application. See new label details for additional use restrictions based on soil characteristics, buffer zones, requirements for Fumigant Management Plans (FMP) and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), mandatory good agricultural practices (GAPs), product and applicator training certification, and other use and rate-modifying recommendations and restrictions. 3 Higher application rates are possible in the presence of cyst-forming nematodes. Rates are believed to be correct for products named, and similar products of other brand names, when applied to mineral soils. Higher rates are required for muck (organic) soils. However, the grower has the final responsibility to see that each product is used legally; read the label of the product to be sure that you are using it properly. | |||