Horticultural Sciences

Vance M. Whitaker, Natalia A. Peres, and Shinsuke Agehara

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Plant Systems

Vance Whitaker, Natalia A. Peres, and Shinsuke Agehara

Jesusa C. Legaspi, Alejandro Bolques, Fanny E. Ospina, Shufang Tian, Juan Carlos Díaz-Pérez, Amanda C. Hodges, Adam J. Pitcher, and Xin Zhao

This publication is aimed to introduce “push-pull” technology and companion planting for pest management to high tunnel vegetable growers. It is also of interest to other crop producers wishing to improve their IPM practices.

Hannah Eason

Florida ranks second in the United States for vegetable production, and the second largest industry in Florida is agriculture. However, the on-going loss of agricultural land to development, increasing labor costs, and decreasing water resources creates a need for alternative agricultural systems. Hydroponic food production can produce similar yields as traditional agriculture using less water, land, and labor. Equipping urban audiences with tools to grow food hydroponically provides new options for feeding the growing urban population in non-traditional environments. "Set it and forget it" hydroponics is a simple, affordable, and successful introductory hydroponic method. This technique is great for growers new and experienced and is especially well adapted for classroom experiments. 

Philip F. Harmon, Oscar E. Liburd, Peter Dittmar, Jeffrey G. Williamson, and Doug Phillips

This publication is intended to be a resource for Florida blueberry growers to use in scouting for disease and insect/mite pest damage; managing disease, insect/mite pests, and weeds; and application of certain plant growth regulators.

Ramdas Kanissery, Jamie D. Burrow, Stephen H. Futch, Brent Sellers, Stephanie S. Teems, andCamille McAvoy

Products recommended in the Florida Citrus Production Guide and their effects on weed management.

Ramdas Kanissery, Wenhao Liu, Jamie D. Burrow, Stephen H. Futch, Brent Sellers, andStephanie S. Teems

The 2-page document intends to provide readers with quick information (mode of action, weeds controlled, postharvest interval, usage restrictions, suggested rates, etc.) on different preemergent or soil-residual herbicides used in citrus. Compiled by R. Kanissery, W. Liu, J. D. Burrow, S. H. Futch, B. A. Sellers, and S. S. Teems and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.

Chris Oswalt, Jamie D. Burrow, Mongi Zekri, Matthew T. Smith, andAlissa Hevesh

2025–2026 Florida Citrus Production Guide

Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Megan M. Dewdney, andTripti Vashisth

2026–2027 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Current Season Spray Guide).

Mark A. Ritenour, Jiuxu Zhang, Liliana M. Cano, andMegan M. Dewdney

2026–2027 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Current Season Spray Guide).

Tripti Vashisth, Chris Oswalt, Mongi Zekri, Fernando Alferez, Jamie D. Burrow, andMuhammad A. Shahid

2026–2027 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Current Season Spray Guide).

Ramdas Kanissery andBrent Sellers

2026–2027 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Current Season Spray Guide).

Davie M. Kadyampakeni andLarry W. Duncan
Other Contacts: Lauren M. Diepenbrock

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Tripti Vashisth, Mongi Zekri, Fernando Alferez, andMuhammad A. Shahid

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Tripti Vashisth andChris Oswalt

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Arnold Schumann, Mark A. Ritenour, Jawwad Qureshi, andFernando Alferez
Other Contacts: Tripti Vashisth

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Mark A. Ritenour, Jiuxu Zhang, Liliana M. Cano, andMegan M. Dewdney

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Mongi Zekri, Arnold Schumann, Tripti Vashisth, Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Kelly T. Morgan, Brian Boman, Muhammad A. Shahid, andThomas Obreza

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Taylor O'Bannon, Michelle D. Danyluk, Renée Goodrich-Schneider, Keith R. Schneider, Mark A. Ritenour, andTripti Vashisth
Other Contacts: Lauren M. Diepenbrock

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Mark A. Ritenour
Other Contacts: Lauren M. Diepenbrock

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Christopher I. Vincent, Tripti Vashisth, Mongi Zekri, andUte Albrecht

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide.

Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Kelly T. Morgan, Mongi Zekri, Arnold Schumann, Sandra M. Guzmán, Fernando Alferez, Muhammad A. Shahid, andThomas Obreza
Other Contacts: Tripti Vashisth

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide.

Kelly T. Morgan, Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Mongi Zekri, Arnold Schumann, Tripti Vashisth, Muhammad A. Shahid, andThomas Obreza

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Tripti Vashisth, Chris Oswalt, Mongi Zekri, Fernando Alferez, Jamie D. Burrow, andMuhammad A. Shahid

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Davie M. Kadyampakeni, Kelly T. Morgan, andSarah L. Strauss

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide.

Ute Albrecht, Fernando Alferez, John Chater, andMongi Zekri
Other Contacts: Tripti Vashisth

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Ramdas Kanissery andBrent Sellers
Other Contacts: Tripti Vashisth

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Wisnu Ardi, Tao Jiang, andHeqiang Huo

Begonia spp. is one of the most diverse and popular ornamental plant groups, with over 2,000 species and hybrids valued for their foliage, flowers, and adaptability. Florida’s climate and horticultural industry make it a center for begonia production, yet practical guidance on hybridization remains limited. This publication provides a clear, step-by-step introduction to hybrid breeding for horticultural professionals, advanced gardeners, and researchers. Topics include basic genetics, selecting parent plants for desirable traits, pollination techniques to control crosses, and potential challenges. Methods for seed collection, germination, and hybrid evaluation are outlined with emphasis on assessing ornamental quality and stress resistance. Case studies from UF/IFAS breeding programs highlight successful crosses. This guide bridges science and practice to advance Begonia breeding for Florida and beyond.

Jonathan A. Watson, Danielle Treadwell, Anna Prizzia, andKelli Brew

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). Published by Food Systems

Stephen H. Futch

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

S. H. Futch, C. C. Childers, and C. W. McCoy

Stephen H. Futch and David P. H. Tucker

Stephen H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, J. P. Michaud, andC. C. Childers

Of the many Homoptera pests that infest citrus groves, only a few affect the health and productivity of a tree to a level where control measures are necessary. The first step in controlling any pest is correct identification. Without this, appropriate biological or chemical control measures cannot be selected. Inappropriate pest management tactics may fail to provide control of the target pest and/or disrupt existing natural control of other pests, leading to secondary pest problems. Most of the pests included in this article are under biological control by predators, parasites and pathogens, thus minimizing the need for pesticide applications.

Stephen H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, andC. C. Childers

Control of scale insects in Florida citrus utilizes native and introduced exotic natural enemies, including predators, parasites, and pathogens. Under most conditions, predators and parasites suppress scale pest populations to a level where chemical intervention is unnecessary. In situations where natural enemies do not provide the necessary control, integrated pest management (IPM) is used since it minimizes negative effects on natural enemies. Increases in scale insect populations involve multiple factors including: a) disruption of biological control by weather; b) infestation of areas by scale insects where natural enemies do not exist; and c) disruption of natural enemies by the repeated use of non-selective pesticides.

Stephen H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, andH. N. Nigg

Soil provides a structure for a plant to anchor its roots and is a source of nutrition and water necessary for plant growth. Soil-inhabiting insects also utilize this substrate for part of or for their entire life. Although many insects are dependent on soil for food and shelter, only a few soil-borne insects such as weevils, ants, and termites are detrimental to the citrus tree.

Guodong Liu, Md Jahidul Islam Shohag, Lisa Hickey, Yuncong Li, and Shufang Tian

Fruit and vegetable producers have widely adopted fertigation as a common practice. However, achieving optimal nutrient use efficiency and growth of crops requires careful management of the irrigation water’s pH, especially when the water quality exhibits excessive acidity or alkalinity. Adjusting the pH of irrigation water is crucial to meet crop preferences and ensure optimal conditions for growth. Growers frequently encounter challenges in effectively optimizing irrigation water pH. This publication aims to address this issue by providing an overview of adjusting irrigation water pH and offering practical guidelines. The target audiences of this guide are farm/nursery managers, growers, crop advisors, Future Farmers of America (FFA), Extension agents, researchers, students, and others who are interested in crop production.

Charles Barrett, Lincoln Zotarelli, Carlos Zambrano-Vaca, Vivek Sharma, Juanita Popenoe, Ali Sarkhosh, Richard Beeson, Kelly T. Morgan, Kati W. Migliaccio, andJose X. Chaparro

This publication provides a practical guideline for irrigation of young (1–3 years old) and adult (>3 years old) peach trees cultivated in Florida.

Nurjahan Sriti, Elena Máximo-Salgado, Zhanao Deng, Jeffrey G. Williamson, andGuodong Liu

Blackberry cultivation offers significant opportunities for fruit producers in subtropical regions. Effective fertilizer management is essential for maximizing production. However, determining the optimal fertilizer application can be challenging as a result of variations in soil types and climate. To achieve the best results, it is important to follow the 5Rs of nutrient stewardship. (There are usually 4 Rs outside the unique environmental conditions of Florida.) These principles focus on applying the right fertilizer source at the right rate, at the right time, in the right place, and with the right irrigation. This guide provides Florida blackberry growers with practical recommendations for efficient fertigation practices to boost blackberry yields and improve nutrient use efficiency. It is intended for commercial growers, agricultural consultants, farm managers, Extension agents, Extension specialists, and others interested in blackberry production and sustainable farming.

George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon

George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon

George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon

George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon

George Hochmuth andEdward Hanlon
Other Contacts: Lincoln Zotarelli

The purpose of this publication is to review and summarize the historical Florida research literature on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization of potato. The research has provided the scientific basis for the Extension standardized fertilization recommendations that further form the basis for potato best management practices (BMPs).

George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon

George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon

George Hochmuth and Ed Hanlon

Jonathan H. Crane and Carlos F. Balerdi

Provides homeowners with a basic reference for growing abiu in the home landscape. Tables include suggested cultural practices by month, fertilizer program, and nutritional values.

Federico W. Sanchez, Jonathan H. Crane, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Ali Sarkhosh, Muhammad A. Shahid, andBruce Schaffer

This article provides detailed information on the achachairu’s characteristics, botany, and recommended horticultural practices for commercial growers and county and state Extension faculty in south Florida and is also applicable for homeowners and students interested in growing achachairu. Written by Federico W. Sanchez, Jonathan H. Crane, Haimanote Bayabil, Ali Sarkhosh, Muhammad A. Shahid, and Bruce Schaffer, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, March 2024.

Federico W. Sanchez, Jonathan H. Crane, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Ali Sarkhosh, Muhammad A. Shahid, andBruce Schaffer

Este documento provee información sobre las características y botánica del achachairu así como las prácticas horticulturales recomendadas para productores comerciales y profesionales de Extensión tanto del condado como del estado de Florida. Esta información también está destinada a dueños de casas y estudiantes interesados en cultivar achachairu.

Sergio Gutierrez, Tatiana Sanchez-Jones, Zhaohui Tong, andGuodong Liu

Garcinia humilis is an emerging tropical fruit crop in South Florida commonly known as achachairu. Achachairu has attracted much interest as a healthy fruit crop because it is rich in many nutrients such as foliate, vitamins, riboflavin, minerals, and antioxidants. The current use is limited and localized. To help Extension faculty, growers, and students better understand the potential of achachairu (Garcinia humilis (Vahl) CD Adam)  and Garcinia madruno as profitable crops and their health benefits, this publication is synthesized from literature sources and has been networked with farmers, food processors, chefs, and photographers. This document provides an overview of achachairu and ocoro (Garcinia madruno [Kunth] Hammel)—two common species in the Garcinia genus—including cultivation methods and use of the two crops grown in Florida.

Lincoln Zotarelli, Clyde Fraisse, and Daniel Dourte

This series of EDIS publications provides information about different agricultural management options available to improve resource-use efficiency and adapt to climate variability and change. To see the complete series of publications, visit https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/entity/topic/series_agricultural_management_options.

Ali Sarkhosh, Fariborz Habibi, and Jeffrey K. Brecht

Persimmon fruits are classified as astringent or non-astringent, depending on the level of astringency the unripe or partially ripe fruit exhibit at the time of harvest. Astringency in persimmon fruit is a sensation caused by tannins present in the flesh that can make the mouth feel dry, cause puckering, numb the tongue, and constrict the throat. Sometimes, it may also impart a bitter taste. The astringency decreases as the fruit ripen until it is no longer present in fully ripe fruit. While consumers typically prefer non-astringent varieties, the cultivation of astringent varieties notably remains common. The purpose of this publication is to introduce consumers, growers, Extension agents, and specialists to postharvest methods for reducing astringency in unripe persimmons, making them more palatable and acceptable for consumption.

R. Hochmuth and D. Cantliffe

Ali Sarkhosh, Mercy Olmstead, Jeff Williamson, Jose Chaparro, and Juanita Popenoe

Larry K. Jackson and Stephen H. Futch

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Natalie B. Parkell, Robert C. Hochmuth, and Wanda L. Laughlin

Ute Albrecht, Leigh Archer, and Pamela Roberts

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Guodong Liu, Gene McAvoy, Ben Hogue, and Crystal A. Snodgrass

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Animal Systems

Asha M. Brunings, Guodong Liu, Eric H. Simonne, Shouan Zhang, Yuncong Li, and Lawrence E. Datnoff

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, andIan Maguire

Provides homeowners with an expanded and reorganized basic reference for growing atemoya in the home landscape. Tables include information on cultural practices by month, fertilizer program, and flowering behavior.

Jonthan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, and Ian Maguire

This document provides a comprehensive guide to growing avocados in Florida. It covers the scientific classification, origin, and distribution of avocados, along with detailed descriptions of the tree, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The article discusses pollination, varieties, climate adaptation, propagation methods, and crop yields. It also includes practical advice on planting, spacing, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, pest and disease control, and harvesting. Additionally, it highlights the nutritional value and culinary uses of avocados, emphasizing their importance in the home landscape. First published March 1983.

Jonathan Crane and Romina Gazis

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Management. Published by Integrated Pest Management

Germán V. Sandoya andDennis C. Odero

Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of lettuce is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas hortorum. BLS is more damaging in Florida, where the climate is conducive for disease development. The most effective control method is host resistance currently being developed by the UF/IFAS lettuce breeding program in all lettuce types. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department was written by Germán Sandoya and D. Calvin Odero.

Jonathan H. Crane and Carlos F. Balerdi

Geoffrey Meru, Yuqing Fu, Dayana Leyva, Paul Sarnoski, Yavuz Yagiz, Monique Scoggin, Carlos F. Balerdi, Laura Vasquez y Teresa Olczyk

La semilla de calabaza (Cucurbita pepo L.) es alta en aceite, proteína, y ácidos grasos no saturados (AENS), y es una importante fuente de nutrición y ganancias a nivel global. Este artículo provee información a potenciales consumidores sobre el perfil nutricional y los beneficios a la salud de cultivares seleccionados de semillas de calabaza.

Silvia I. Rondon, Daniel J. Cantliffe, Karol L. Krey, and Justin M. Renkema

Yuvraj Khamare andChris Marble

Black medic is an annual or short-lived perennial commonly found in lawns, landscapes, containers, and orchards throughout Florida. This publication is intended for green industry professionals, Extension agents, homeowners, and others to provide guidance on the identification and management of black medic in and around ornamental plants.

Nathan S. Boyd and Ravneet K Sandhu

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Heather Kalaman andChris Marble

Several native and non-native dayflower (Commelina) species can be found in Florida landscapes and production nurseries. Two of the most widely distributed species include the native whitemouth dayflower (Commelina erecta) and the non-native spreading dayflower (Commelina diffusa), which is thought to have been introduced to Florida from Asia. Both species are widely distributed and have been vouchered in nearly every county in Florida. This publication is written for home gardeners and other green industry professionals to aid in the proper identification of these two common dayflower species. General management information is included for both dayflower species.

Shaun M. Sharpe, Nathan S. Boyd, Chris Marble, and Shawn Steed

Guodong Liu, Qingren Wang, Yuncong Li, David Dinkins, Bonnie Wells, andYuqi Cui

Bitter melon is a tropical and subtropical vegetable crop with long climbing vines which is widely cultivated in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. The unripe fruit is used as a vegetable with a pleasantly bitter taste. This fact sheet provides an overview of this plant as well as recommendations for individuals in Florida who are interested in growing it. 

Jonathan H. Crane andCarlos F. Balerdi

Fariborz Habibi, Ali Sarkhosh, Frederick G. Gmitter, andJeffrey K. Brecht

This publication explores the potential for blood orange cultivation in Florida and discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by producers and the industry. It provides recommendations and suggestions for improving the production and consumption of blood oranges in Florida, offering insights for growers, Extension agents and specialists, and researchers. Written by Fariborz Habibi, Ali Sarkhosh, Fred G. Gmitter Jr., and Jeffrey K. Brecht, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Horticultural Sciences, November 2025.

Mark A. Ritenour andEdgardo J. Etxeberria

Jeffrey G. Williamson andDouglas A. Phillips

Home gardeners: Use this guide to successfully grow blueberries in Florida.

Guodong Liu

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Michael Sweat, Richard Tyson, andRobert Hochmuth
Other Contacts: Wanda L. Laughlin

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s). Published by Plant Systems

Y. C. Li, W. Klassen, M. Lamberts, Teresa Olczyk, and Guodong D. Liu

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s).

Jonathan H. Crane andCarlos F. Balerdi

This article provides homeowners with a basic reference for growing caimito (star apple) in the home landscape. Tables include suggested cultural practices by month, fertilizer program and nutritional values.

Douglas A. Phillips, Jeffrey G. Williamson, Philip F. Harmon, Oscar E. Liburd, Peter J. Dittmar, andRachel E. Mallinger

Southern highbush blueberries (SHB) are commercially grown throughout Florida in both deciduous and evergreen systems. This calendar addresses the monthly general management requirements for Florida commercial blueberry growers in conventional (nonorganic) systems and should be used in coordination with other Ask IFAS publications.

Jonathan H. Crane andCarlos F. Balerdi

Provides homeowners with a basic reference for growing canistel in the home landscape. Tables include varieties in Florida, cultural practices by month, fertilizer program and nutritional values.

Jonathan H. Crane

This document provides a comprehensive overview of carambola, also known as star fruit, detailing its cultivation, varieties, and environmental requirements. It highlights the tree's growth patterns, optimal conditions for fruit production, and the importance of proper planting and care. The article also addresses potential challenges such as pests, diseases, and environmental stressors, offering solutions for effective management. Additionally, it emphasizes the nutritional value and various uses of carambola, making it a valuable addition to home landscapes in suitable climates. Original publication date April 1994.

Carlos F. Balerdi, Ian Maguire, John McLaughlin, andJonathan H. Crane

This UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s) describes this tropical fruit, suitable climate for optimum growth, propagation, production and spacing for the home landscape, soils, planting, care, and pruning, harvest, ripening, storage, and use and nutritional value of the cashew apple. Includes references.

Xavier Martini, Nicholas S. Dufault, Ramdas Kanissery, andXiaoying Li

Chapter 1 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Dakshina R. Seal, Qingren Wang, Ramdas Kanissery, Anna Mészáros, Crystal A. Snodgrass, Julien M. Beuzelin, Johan Desaeger, Nicholas S. Dufault, Katia Viana Xavier, andShouan Zhang

Chapter 10 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Craig Frey, Peter J. Dittmar, Anna Mészáros, Dakshina R. Seal, Jawwad Qureshi, Shouan Zhang, Johan Desaeger, andQingren Wang

Chapter 11 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Johan Desaeger, Peter J. Dittmar, Pamela D. Roberts, Xavier Martini, andLincoln Zotarelli

Chapter 12 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Craig Frey, Eugene J. McAvoy, Johan Desaeger, Gary Vallad, Jawwad Qureshi, andNathan S. Boyd

Chapter 13 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Lincoln Zotarelli, De-Fen Mou, Peter J. Dittmar, Pamela D. Roberts, Johan Desaeger, Evelyn V. "Prissy" Fletcher, andBonnie Wells

Chapter 14 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Julien M. Beuzelin, Peter J. Dittmar, Johan Desaeger, Lincoln Zotarelli, Shouan Zhang, Qingren Wang, Craig Frey, andAnna Mészáros

Chapter 15 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Vance M. Whitaker, Nathan S. Boyd, Natalia A. Peres, Johan Desaeger, Sriyanka Lahiri, andShinsuke Agehara

Chapter 16 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Katia Viana Xavier, Ramdas Kanissery, Craig Frey, Anna Mészáros, Nicholas S. Dufault, Johan Desaeger, Jawwad Qureshi, andJulien M. Beuzelin

Chapter 17 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Craig Frey, Ramdas Kanissery, Jawwad Qureshi, Johan Desaeger, andGary Vallad

Chapter 18 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Natalia A. Peres, Gary Vallad, Johan Desaeger, Jawwad Qureshi, andSriyanka Lahiri

Chapter 19 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Guodong Liu, Eric Simonne, Kelly T. Morgan, George Hochmuth, Shinsuke Agehara, Rao Mylavarapu, Craig Frey, andXiaoying Li

Chapter 2 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Lincoln Zotarelli, Michael D. Dukes, andEric Simonne

Chapter 3 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Peter J. Dittmar, Nicholas S. Dufault, Johan Desaeger, Jawwad Qureshi, Nathan S. Boyd, andMathews Paret

Chapter 4 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Guodong Liu, Bonnie Wells, Yuncong Li, Qingren Wang, Johan Desaeger, andXiaoying Li

Chapter 5 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Lincoln Zotarelli, Peter J. Dittmar, Nicholas S. Dufault, Johan Desaeger, Evelyn V. "Prissy" Fletcher, Qingren Wang, andDe-Fen Mou

Chapter 6 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida

Craig Frey, Nathan S. Boyd, Qingren Wang, Johan Desaeger, Jawwad Qureshi, Anna Mészáros, Nicholas S. Dufault, Pamela D. Roberts, andXavier Martini

Chapter 7 of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida