Citrus Scale Pests

Stephen H. Futch, C. W. McCoy, C. W. McCoy, C. C. Childers, andC. C. Childers

Control of scale insects in Florida citrus utilizes native and introduced exotic natural enemies, including predators, parasites, and pathogens. Under most conditions, predators and parasites suppress scale pest populations to a level where chemical intervention is unnecessary. In situations where natural enemies do not provide the necessary control, integrated pest management (IPM) is used since it minimizes negative effects on natural enemies. Increases in scale insect populations involve multiple factors including: a) disruption of biological control by weather; b) infestation of areas by scale insects where natural enemies do not exist; and c) disruption of natural enemies by the repeated use of non-selective pesticides.

Shweta Sharma and Eileen Buss

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Morgan A. Byron, Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman, and Sandra A. Allan

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

L. M. Diepenbrock, K. L. Ray and J. D. Burrow

This publication is about the life cycle and damage of cottony cushion scale.

Avas B. Hamon and Gregor J. Mason

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

G. W. Dekle and T. R. Fasulo

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Courtney R. Buckley and Amanda Hodges

This document provides an overview of the citrus snow scale, Unaspis citri, an armored scale insect affecting citrus crops. It details the insect’s biology, life cycle, and distribution, highlighting its impact on citrus production in Florida. The document also discusses the economic significance of citrus snow scale infestations and outlines management strategies, including biological, cultural, and chemical controls. Emphasis is placed on the importance of monitoring and controlling this pest to prevent economic damage to citrus groves. 

Xavier Martini

This factsheet gives the general public and citrus growers basic knowledge regarding the California red scale. Written by X. Martini and J. Price, and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department, November 2022.