Fire Ecology

Elizabeth A. Roznik and Steve A. Johnson

Jennifer M. Fill and Raelene M. Crandall

This publication aims to provide information on how variation in prescribed fire size and heterogeneity and their impact over time relate to the habitat needs of animals and plants that live in frequently burned savannas. Written by Jennifer M. Fill and Raelene M. Crandall, and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, August 2023.

Deb Stone and Michael Andreu

Prescribed fire and invasive species are two common land management concerns in Florida; therefore it is important that land managers have a solid understanding of their interactions and how they affect the surrounding ecosystems. These interactions can be roughly categorized into two groups: the effects of the invasive plant on the fire regime and the impacts of fire on the invasive plant or other flora. For this review we chose four invasive species in the southeastern United States that cover a range of interactions with fire: Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera), old world climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum), and Japanese climbing fern (L. japonicum). This publication details basic information on each species, what is known about how it interacts with fire, and synthesizes this knowledge into concrete management recommendations.

D. Alex Bowers, Daniel J. Johnson, Lukas Magee, yRaelene M. Crandall

Fire-dependent longleaf pine ecosystems once covered over 37 million hectares across the Southeast. Today, they occupy less than 5% of their historical range due to urban development, land-use changes, and fire suppression. Fire maintains open canopies, supports diverse ground cover species, and facilitates longleaf pine establishment. This publication describes the longleaf pine life cycle, highlighting how each growth stage, from seedling to adult, is adapted to fire. It explores the historical role of fire: both lightning and indigenous peoples sustained frequent burns across these landscapes for millennia. Without regular fire, longleaf pine ecosystems become closed-canopy forests dominated by other species, leading to biodiversity loss and increased wildfire risk.  Landowners and fire managers will find practical recommendations for using prescribed fire safely and effectively to manage longleaf pine habitats, promote ecosystem resilience and aid longleaf pine recovery.

Coleson F. Wrege, Santiago A. Casanova, yRaelene M. Crandall

Riparian zones connect a body of water and upland habitat and provide many ecosystem services. In many southeastern US ecosystems, prescribed fires are a management tool, yet little is known about how fire impacts the riparian zone. This publication relates research from the western United States to riparian zones in the southeastern United States, with emphasis on wetlands. It discusses fire behavior in relation to riparian zone vegetation, weather (particularly seasonality), and fire interactions with various water body types. It lists and defines relevant fire terms and considers various land management goals. To manage wetlands effectively, managers must understand their historical fire regimes and may need to develop specialized alternative burn plans. Riparian zones should be monitored and specific burn objectives developed within the larger upland pine savanna ecosystem to better understand how these ecotones are impacted by prescribed fire and vice versa. 

Nicole Mitchell, Sarah Anderson Weaver, and Raelene M. Crandall

Bees are efficient pollinators known to be key components of healthy forests. Thus, bees are often used as indicators of community response to restoration and disturbances, including fire. In longleaf pine savannas, the open canopies and floral resources that increase bee diversity and abundance are promoted by applying frequent, patchy prescribed fires. This publication is aimed to help fire and natural resource managers, landowners, and interested citizens learn more about the benefits of using fire to promote bee diversity in longleaf pine savannas.

By Vânia Maria Pereira, Thiago Souza Campos, Wagner Vendrame, and Raelene M. Crandall

This publication informs fire and natural resources managers as well as other interested people about the relationship between saw palmetto and fire. Saw palmetto is a palm native to the southeastern United States. Like other southeastern palms, saw palmetto thrives in frequently burned environments. Its highly combustible dead leaves fuel fires, after which saw palmetto benefits from the post-fire environment, exhibiting increased growth, resprouting, and induction of flowering. Saw palmettos can survive fires because of their well-insulated buds and waxy leaves. The meristem, where new growth originates, is located inside the top of the stem-like rhizome. Younger leaves grow in the center under several layers of older leaves. Old leaves persist over time and insulate and protect the meristem. This publication includes best management practices for managing saw palmetto to reduce fire hazard and maintain the health of saw palmetto and the entire the landscape.