Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

Steve A. Johnson and Monica E. McGarrity

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Steve A. Johnson y Monica E. McGarrity. Traducido por Alejandra Areingdale, Miguel Acevedo y Juan Manuel Campos Krauer

En el sudeste de los Estados Unidos habitan alrededor de 50 especies de serpientes (seis de las cuales son venenosas) que viven en los estados costeros del Atlántico y el Golfo, desde Luisiana hasta Carolina del Norte. Estas serpientes utilizan una variedad de hábitats desde tierras altas hasta humedales, y tienen un gran impacto en la ecología de la región. Son depredadores, pero también presas y forman conexiones importantes en las redes tróficas.

Mark E. Hostetler, Martin B. Main y Maena Voigt. Traducido por Alejandra Areingdale y Miguel Acevedo

El propósito de este documento es ayudar a reducir la frecuencia con la que las personas alimentan a las aves que viven cerca del agua en Florida y explicar los impactos negativos de estas acciones. Este documento está dirigido a una audiencia general. Las aves acuáticas viven en o cerca de ambientes acuáticos como el océano, lagos, humedales, pantanos y ríos. Este grupo incluye pelícanos, patos, gansos, garzas, garcetas, gaviotas, charranes, cormoranes, etc.

Mark Hostetler, Samantha M. Wisely, Steve A. Johnson, Elizabeth Frances Pienaar, yMartin B. Main
Traducido por Alejandra Areingdale, Rebeca Prieto, Laura Sánchez, yJuan M. Campos Krauer

A medida que la cantidad de gatos salvajes continúa aumentando, los administradores de tierras, los funcionarios de salud pública y los ciudadanos privados expresan su preocupación sobre cómo abordar las molestias y los impactos en la salud pública, así como las preocupaciones sobre el bienestar animal que crean los gatos salvajes. La estrategia atrapar-esterilizar-liberar (TNR) para el manejo de gatos salvajes está ganando popularidad en Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, ¿será que esta estrategia funcione?

Diane J. Episcopio, Elizabeth F. Pienaar y Martin B. Main

Los pumas a veces se pueden confundir con gatos monteses, perros y coyotes. En este documento se proporcionan datos e imágenes que pueden ayudar a cualquier persona a identificar a un puma.

Mark E. Hostetler

Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Rebecca G. Harvey, Frank J. Mazzotti, and William M. Giuliano

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Frank J. Mazzotti yCarol Morgenstern
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

The purposes of this paper are: to present a scientific framework for managing urban natural areas; to discuss general ecological issues and management concerns identified from our early efforts at applying this approach to Broward County ESL sites; and to discuss the Pine Island Ridge ESL site as a case study.

Rebecca G. Harvey, Jeff Beauchamp, Robin Bijlani, Frank J. Mazzotti, and Laura A. Brandt

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Environmental Literacy and Sustainability

Emma V. Willcox, Mark Hostetler, Martin B. Main, yMaena Voigt
Traducido por Alejandra Areingdale, Rebeca Prieto, Laura Sánchez, yMiguel Acevedo

La historia de la alimentación de aves en Estados Unidos se remonta al año 1845, cuando Henry David Thoreau les ofreció alimento en Walden Pond. En 1926 se lanzó al mercado el primer comedero comercial diseñado específicamente para colibríes. Hoy en día, más de 50 millones de estadounidenses distribuyen anualmente mil millones de kilos de alimento para aves. Antes de instalar un comedero en su jardín, es importante considerar algunos aspectos clave. Este documento ofrece recomendaciones útiles que sirven como guía general. La mejor manera de descubrir cómo atraer aves a sus comederos es mediante la experimentación. Este documento es el WEC 162, parte de una serie del Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS), University of Flolrida. Publicado por primera vez en septiembre de 2003. Revisado en Noviembre 20, 2024.

Emma V. Willcox, Mark Hostetler, Martin B. Main, yMaena Voigt

Before placing bird feeders in your backyard, consider the bird species you would like to attract. Different birds are attracted to different bird feeders and foods. The following suggestions are useful guidelines, but it is best to experiment. Try a variety of feeders and foods located in different spots around your yard.

Holly K. Ober, Lucas W. DeGroote, and Russell F. Mizell III

What is the tastiest treat to tempt an armadillo? Armadillos are one of the most significant nuisance pests in Florida and much of the Southeast. There are no repellents, toxicants, or fumigants registered for use with them. They are good at both burrowing beneath and climbing over fences. There are also no effective methods for baiting them into traps. So, the authors of this 3-page fact sheet set up a test to determine which materials have the greatest potential to serve as bait.

Jason M. Martin, Richard N. Raid, and Lyn C. Branch

Karen Heulett, Mark E. Hostetler, and Ronald F. Labisky

Benjamin W. North, Elizabeth Frances Pienaar, and Jessica D. Sullivan

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet for General Public audience(s). Published by ==Natural Resources==

Kenneth T. Gioeli, Steve A. Johnson, yLourdes Perez Cordero
Otros contactos: Miguel Acevedo

Esta publicación presenta información sobre el lagarto no nativo Basiliscus vittatus (basilisco marrón) en Florida. Contiene información sobre la identificación del basilisco marrón, la historia natural y la distribución en Florida. La audiencia prevista incluye propietarios de viviendas y administradores de tierras principalmente en el centro y sur de Florida. Esta es la versión traducida al español. For the English version, please see https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/UW497.

Holly K. Ober yMartin B. Main
Otros contactos: Shelly A. Johnson

Brittany L. Bird, Deborah L. Miller, Margo A. Stoddard, Lyn C. Branch, and Mark E. Hostetler

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Mathieu Basille and Kathryn Stofer

Mark E. Hostetler

Ryan Buron, Mark Hostetler, and Michael Andreu

During migration, birds travel from their northern breeding grounds to their southern wintering grounds and vice versa. To understand which urban habitats are valuable for specific migratory species, we compared the diversity of migratory bird species that used urban forest fragments vs residential areas with tree canopy in Gainesville, Florida. Study results summarized in this fact sheet can help inform urban planners, developers, and homeowners about vegetation migratory birds use. Conservation of large, forested areas is important, but fragmented landscapes are not useless, and conserving urban forest fragments and trees in residential areas is also important for bird conservation.

Mark Hostetler, Frank J. Mazzotti, yAmy K. Taylor

The giant land crab is the largest of Florida's semi-terrestrial crabs. This animal can measure up to 6 in (15 cm) across its carapace (Figure 1). In its juvenile form, the crab is a dark brown, purple, or orange in color. As an adult, it is a bluish-gray color. Females sometimes appear light gray or white. One claw is larger than the other and the walking legs are sparsely hairy.

C. T. Callaghan, B. M. Mason, Jaret C. Daniels, yAkito Y. Kawahara

The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance and tips on how to enter the wonderful world of butterflies and, further, how to leverage the website iNaturalist to document butterfly observations through citizen science. The intended audience is anyone who is interested in the natural world and wants to learn more about observing butterflies, identifying butterflies, and contributing to science by adding their observations to iNaturalist. While we use examples from Florida throughout, the majority of the information presented here is highly relevant for beginning butterfly-enthusiasts anywhere in the world.

Kenneth T. Gioeli ySteve A. Johnson

This publication presents information about the nonnative lizard Basiliscus vittatus (brown basilisk) in Florida. It contains information about brown basilisk identification, natural history, and distribution in Florida. The intended audience includes homeowners and land managers primarily in central and south Florida.

Natalie Hooton, Debbie Miller, Mack Thetford, and Sean Claypool

Mark Hostetler yJan-Michael Archer

The "Building for Birds" online tool is designed to help decision makers evaluate different development scenarios and how they affect habitat for different species of forest birds that can use fragmented areas. The tool is most useful for small developments or developments in already fragmented landscapes. This publication explains how the tool can be used for forest birds in fragmented landscapes in any part of the United States.

Mark Hostetler and Jan-Michael Archer

A variety of forest birds use trees and shrubs in built areas (urban residential and commercial areas) as summer breeding sites and foraging/shelter sites during winter and spring/fall migration seasons. This publication explains how the "building for birds" online evaluation tool can help assess the impacts of different development plans on bird habitat so that decision makers can explore different designs and determine which may be best and conserve the most—and the best—bird habitat.

Mark Hostetler and Jan-Michael Archer

The "Building for Birds" online tool is designed to help decision makers evaluate different development scenarios and how they affect habitat for different species of forest birds that can use fragmented areas. The tool is most useful for small developments or developments in already fragmented landscapes. This publication explains how the tool can help preserve stopover sites for migrating birds.

Jaret C. Daniels, Joe Schaefer, Craig N. Huegel, yFrank J. Mazzotti
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s).

Brandon McDonald, B. M. Mason, C. T. Callaghan, Marcus Lashley, yCarolina Baruzzi
Traducido por Laura Sánchez

Las cámaras trampa permiten observar la vida silvestre de forma sencilla y discreta para diversos fines, brindando información sobre la composición de las comunidades de fauna y, en algunos casos, sobre el comportamiento animal. Aunque se utilizan con frecuencia, actualmente hay muchas cámaras disponibles con distintas configuraciones. Esta publicación describe algunos de los usos más comunes de las cámaras trampa y ofrece recomendaciones sobre los ajustes ideales para sacarles el mayor provecho.

Brandon McDonald, B. M. Mason, C. T. Callaghan, Marcus Lashley, yCarolina Baruzzi

Camera traps provide a means to easily and unobtrusively view wildlife for a variety of purposes, providing information on the makeup of wildlife communities and sometimes animal behavior. While frequently used, there are currently many different cameras available with a variety of different settings. This publication discusses some of the ways cameras are typically used and provides recommended settings to get the most out of camera traps.

Muhammad Azeem Akhter yMark Hostetler

This fact sheet describes a common wintering bird in Florida called the cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum). Information in this fact sheet is relevant to homeowners, backyard bird enthusiasts, and the general public. Written by Muhammad Azeem Akhter and Mark Hostetler, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, June 2024.

Elise V. Pearlstine yFrank J. Mazzotti
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

Rebecca G. Harvey, Laura A. Brandt, and Frank J. Mazzotti

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Larry Perez, James I. Watling, David Bucklin, Mathieu Basille, Frank J. Mazzotti, Stephanie S. Romañach, yLaura A. Brandt
Otros contactos: Eric Suarez, Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, yAaron I. Chimelis

Where do the animals go when the sea rises? Learn the probable futures of Florida panthers and other south Florida wildlife in this 5-page fact sheet. It explains how a changing climate could impact wild animals.­

Brandon M. Bourassa, Bryan D. Hughes, Steve A. Johnson, and Basil V. Iannone III

Urban landscapes are expanding, increasing the wildland-urban interface and leading to more frequent wildlife-human conflict. This publication discusses how to reduce conflict venomous snakes. We first discuss the ecological benefits of these species and then provide suggestions on how to limit conflicts with them. The overarching goal of this publication is to increase the likelihood of coexistence between humans and venomous snakes.

Martin B. Main, E. Hance Ellington, Mark Hostetler, ySteve A. Johnson

There are many perspectives and misconceptions regarding coyotes (Canis latrans) in Florida. Some people enjoy seeing and hearing coyotes and consider them important components of Florida ecosystems. Others consider them a nuisance or a threat. This publication provides basic information about coyotes and specifically addresses questions that we are commonly asked about coyotes. The intended audience is anyone who is concerned about or interested in learning more about coyotes in Florida.

Holly K. Ober y Arlo Kane y traducido por Alejandra Areingdale y Miguel Acevedo

Aunque muchos disfrutan de la vida silvestre en sus jardines, hay situaciones donde la presencia de animales puede causar mucho daño a los jardines. Saber identificar las especies responsables de causar estos daños es el primer paso para encontrar una solución al problema. Consulte la publicación de EDIS, WEC323, titulada Overview of How to Stop Damage Caused by Nuisance Wildlife in Your Yard para una guía completa de los pasos a seguir para identificar y solucionar los problemas causados por la vida silvestre en tu jardín. En esta publicación, describimos el primer paso para mitigar los problemas causados por la vida silvestre: identificar el culpable. Aquí proveemos imágenes del daño causado en áreas residenciales para ayudarle a determinar cuáles especies pueden estar causando problemas similares en su jardín.

Steve A. Johnson y Martin B. Main

La forma más efectiva de proteger a los niños de la mordedura de serpientes es simplemente evitar que interactúen con ellas. En este documento se recomiendan medidas que pueden tomar las escuelas para prevenir el ingreso de serpientes a la propiedad escolar. Además se ofrecen algunas ideas para desarrollar programas educativos sobre estos reptiles y para entrenar a los niños sobre qué hacer si se encuentran con una serpiente en su escuela o en otro lugar.  Se incluye un programa educativo breve que los maestros pueden utilizar con los estudiantes. 

Holly K. Ober and Frank J. Mazzotti

Bats are declining throughout North America, including Florida. This is worrisome because bats are an essential part of natural ecosystems throughout the world, serving as valuable allies to humans by consuming enormous quantities of night-flying insects, many of which are pests to humans and to crops. In tropical countries, bats also play a vital role in pollinating flowers and dispersing seeds.

Daniel Feinberg yMark Hostetler

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Environmental Literacy and Sustainability

Daniel Feinberg yMark Hostetler

Virtually all climatologists agree that humans are increasing the rate of the Earth’s warming by releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. But you might be surprised to learn that houses and residential neighborhoods are sources of greenhouse gases or carbon because everything in a house that runs on electricity or gas is often derived from burning fossil fuels. This publication describes the connections between climate change, wildlife, and human neighborhoods and presents several ways for residents to live more sustainably.

David N. Bucklin, Mathieu Basille, Stephanie S. Romañach, Laura A. Brandt, Frank J. Mazzotti, yJames I. Watling
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

Michael S. Cherkiss, Holly E. Fling, Frank J. Mazzotti, Kenneth G. Rice, yMarianna D. Conill
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

Este documento es la Circular 1451S, una de la serie del Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Publicado por primera vez: diciembre, 2005. Revisado junio 2017.

Michael S. Cherkiss, Holly E. Fling, Frank J. Mazzotti, and Kenneth G. Rice

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Mark E. Hostetler

Mark Hostetler

The purpose of this fact sheet is to inform homeowners, developers, and city officials about potential considerations to make urban landscapes more eco-friendly, to improve urban biodiversity, and to explore avenues to install more environmentally friendly landscapes that provide wildlife habitat and reduce natural resource consumption.

Anastasia Postowski, Kristen Wilson, Samantha M. Wisely, yBridget B. Baker
Traducido por Laura Sánchez
Otros contactos: Miguel Acevedo

Datos sobre las enfermedades de la fauna salvaje: caquexia crónica (CWD)

W. H. Kern, Jr.

Steve A. Johnson and Monica E. McGarrity

Steve A. Johnson yMonica E. McGarrity

Steve A. Johnson yMonica E. McGarrity

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Joe Schaefer

Steve A. Johnson yMartin B. Main

Anna M. Prizzia, Mark E. Hostetler, and Martin B. Main

Rick O’Connor, Travis Thomas, and Martin Main

Florida is home to several species of sea turtles, but in addition to sea turtles, Florida has another native turtle that inhabits coastal waters: the diamondback terrapin. This “lesser known” coastal turtle occurs along Florida’s Atlantic and Gulf coasts; however, many people are unaware of the species. This fact sheet provides information on diamondback terrapin ecology and conservation and will be of interest to lay and professional audiences interested in learning more about and contributing to conservation of this species.

Juan M. Campos Krauer ySamantha M. Wisely

Diane J. Episcopio, Elizabeth F. Pienaar, and Martin B. Main

Steve A. Johnson, Mark Hostetler, yMartin B. Main

This publication describes how to differentiate between two species of large woodpeckers, the Pileated Woodpecker and the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. It includes information about both species and advice about how to report observations of large woodpeckers and where to go to read further.

Brandon McDonald, Mark Mauldin, Kalyn Waters, Andrew Fanning, Jon Creamer, Marcus Lashley, yCarolina Baruzzi

Mourning doves are the most hunted and widely distributed game bird in North America, with millions harvested each year. Both year-round resident birds and seasonal migrants can be found throughout Florida and hunted in the state during the fall dove season. Mourning doves are managed federally by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and in Florida by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. This publication is intended for landowners and land managers who are interested in using dove fields, or food plots, for dove hunting. Information on what is legal when hunting doves on dove fields can be found at the end of the publication.

Justin R. Dalaba and Frank J. Mazzotti

Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Kyle Allen, Rebecca G. Harvey, yFrank J. Mazzotti
Otros contactos: Eric Suarez yAaron I. Chimelis

Martin B. Main

Holly K. Ober

Bats can be a beneficial addition to the wildlife community on your property. With the exception of a few uncommon bats in the Florida Keys, all resident bats in Florida eat insects. Bats reduce common insect pests by consuming them in large quantities and the sound of bat calls can repel additional insects from areas where bats spend time. By attracting bats to your farm, forest, or backyard you may substantially reduce the number of nocturnal insects nearby.

Rebecca G. Harvey yFrank J. Mazzotti
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

Canals and levees are the foundation of south Florida's water-management system. However, degradation of Everglades ecosystems has resulted directly from these structures and their effects of drainage and impoundment. The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize the science on ecological and hydrological impacts of Everglades canals and levees.

Rebecca G. Harvey yFrank J. Mazzotti
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively portray the hydrological and ecological effects of canals and levees within the EPA landscape and to consider ways their impacts may be mitigated.

Holly K. Ober

Hannah Fox, Bethany Wight, E. Hance Ellington, Alejandra Areingdale, Juan M. Campos Krauer, Armando Ubeda, yMiguel Acevedo

¡Aprende más sobre los azulejos de garganta canela de Florida! La serie de hojas informativas sobre la vida silvestre de Florida se creó para brindar al público una introducción rápida y precisa a la vida silvestre de Florida, tanto nativa como invasiva. Esperamos que estos documentos inspiren a las personas a investigar la vida silvestre en sus propias comunidades y a comprender la asombrosa biodiversidad de la vida silvestre en el estado de Florida.

Mark Hostetler, Frank J. Mazzotti, yAmy Taylor
Traducido por Alejandra Areingdale yJuan M. Campos Krauer

El objetivo de este documento es brindar información básica sobre el cangrejo terrestre azul en Florida, está dirigido a una audiencia general.

S. A. Johnson, A. Wilson, and Armando J. Ubeda

A UF/IFAS numbered Translation. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: ==Natural Resources==

Steve A. Johnson yMartin B. Main

Holly K. Ober, Samantha M. Wisely, Alejandra Areingdale, yMiguel Acevedo

La rabia es un virus que se transmite entre mamíferos y es mortal para humanos y animales. La enfermedad es tratable, pero es incurable cuando los síntomas son evidentes. El virus ataca el sistema nervioso central y la forma más común de transmisión es la saliva, cuando un mamífero infectado muerde a otro animal o persona. El virus también se puede transmitir cuando saliva, lágrimas o tejido cerebral/nervioso infectados entran en contacto con heridas abiertas o mucosas (ojos, nariz o boca) de otro animal o persona.  El virus puede sobrevivir en los cuerpos de animales muertos por periodos largos, pero puede sobrevivir por poco tiempo fuera del cuerpo de un hospedero. El virus deja de ser infeccioso al secarse o calentarse, o ser expuesto a la luz solar.

Kara N. Youngentob and Mark E. Hostetler

Gloria M. Lentijo and Mark Hostetler

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Sustainability of production systems and alternatives

Mark E. Hostetler

Martin B. Main, Mark E. Hostetler, and Annisa Karim

Rebecca G. Harvey, Michael R. Rochford, Jennifer Ketterlin, Edward Metzger III, Jennifer Nestler, yFrank J. Mazzotti
Otros contactos: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, yAaron I. Chimelis

This document is WEC386, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2017.

Holly K. Ober and Samantha M. Wisely

Anastasia Postowski, Kristen Wilson, Samantha M. Wisely, and Bridget B. Baker

This article is intended to summarize for the general public, and particularly hunters, farmed cervid owners, and landowners, what is currently known about chronic wasting disease (CWD) and its impacts, with information about practices to minimize spread of the disease and to safely handle and test deer.

Sydney L. Cottingham, Heather D. S. Walden, Samantha M. Wisely, yJuan M. Campos Krauer

White-tailed deer are susceptible to infection by numerous gastrointestinal parasites. Not all parasite infections cause clinical disease, but even subclinical gastrointestinal parasitism may reduce the health and productivity of infected deer.  An understanding of parasite epidemiology is critical to improving captive deer health through effective parasite control strategies. This publication will serve as a guide to common parasites of farmed white-tailed deer in Florida and will provide producers with recommendations for management of gastrointestinal parasites in farmed deer.

Samantha M. Wisely yHolly K. Ober

The purpose of this document is to be an overview of rabies, including how it is spread, the symptoms, and what you should do if you suspect a rabies exposure. This document is intended for a general audience.

Samantha M. Wisely

SARS Cov2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has been discovered in white-tailed deer. This publication provides information to the general public, hunters, and deer farmers as to what SARS CoV2 is, the evidence for COVID-19 in deer, and if people can get COVID-19 from deer.

Juan M. Campos Krauer and Samantha M. Wisely

Pox viruses are widespread and infect many hosts, including insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Some, like chicken pox, are highly adapted to humans, and others, like monkeypox, can be transmitted from species to species. All are highly contagious and usually cause lesions or rashes. Poxvirus infections occur in domestic hoofstock, including cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses, and swine, and they have been reported in wild ungulates, including mountain sheep, mountain goats, reindeer, mule deer, musk-ox, caribou, moose, and white-tailed deer. In 1983, Mule deerpox virus, a genetically distinct pox virus was found in free-ranging mule deer in Wyoming. Since the 1990s, several cases of mule deerpox virus have been reported from black-tailed deer from California and Oregon and a white-tailed deer from Mississippi, suggesting that this virus may be a potential emerging pathogen for white-tailed deer. It is unclear whether the virus is more prevalent or whether detection has increased.

Juan M. Campos Krauer and Samantha M. Wisely

Deer warts, or cutaneous fibromas, are skin tumors caused by papillomavirus infection that affect white-tailed deer and other deer. These growths are generally benign, but in rare cases may proliferate and impede functions like sight, movement, or feeding. Deer immune systems usually eradicate the infection over time. Found exclusively on the skin, usually around the eyes, neck, face, and forelegs, warts may be diverse in appearance and size, ranging from small fleshy nodules to larger, pendulous masses or clusters. Transmission mechanisms are suspected to involve skin contact or possibly insect vectors but remain unclear. Diagnosis is by visual examination and histopathological analysis of the wart tissue. Wild deer populations usually do not require treatment, but surgical removal is an option for captive herds. Vaccine development remains plausible but has not yet been pursued extensively.

Susan K. Jacobson, Kathryn E. Sieving, Greg Jones, John McElroy, Beida Chen, Mark E. Hostetler, and Sarah W. Miller

Mark E. Hostetler

The Florida Bird Monitoring Program was developed by the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation's Wildlife Extension office in June 2001. The objective of the Florida Bird Monitoring Program is to maintain a website where you can enter and view bird survey data collected by yourself and others. Homeowners as well as participants from natural resource fields, Cooperative Extension, and state education programs are encouraged to participate.

Mark E. Hostetler and Martin B. Main

Mark E. Hostetler and Martin B. Main

Kevin M. Enge and Lyn C. Branch

Holly K. Ober, Terry J. Doonan, and Emily H. Evans

Emily Evans, Terry Doonan, and Holly Ober

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID for General Public audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Environmental Literacy and Sustainability

Holly K. Ober, Terry J. Doonan, and Emily H. Evans

Emily Evans, Terry Doonan, and Holly Ober

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID for General Public audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Environmental Literacy and Sustainability

Emily Evans, Terry Doonan, and Holly Ober

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID for General Public audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Environmental Literacy and Sustainability

Holly K. Ober, Terry J. Doonan, and Emily H. Evans

Steve A. Johnson, Courtney Reyes, Brandon Dodge, and Natalie M. Claunch

This is one in a series of similar Ask IFAS publications summarizing general knowledge about Florida's introduced reptiles.

Paige Borcyk, Elizabeth Fortner, Natalie M. Claunch, and Steve A. Johnson

This is one in a series of similar Ask IFAS publications summarizing general knowledge about Florida's introduced reptiles.

Steve A. Johnson

This publication is one in a series of similar UF/IFAS numbered publications summarizing general knowledge about Florida's introduced reptiles.

Barbra C. Larson, J. Howard Frank, Martin B. Main, and Ginger M. Allen

Megan E. Brown and Debbie L. Miller