Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Bradley Spatz, Nicholas W. Taylor, andKaitlin Robb Price
Translated by Bernardo L. Cardenas-Laihacar

Esta publicación provee contexto y motivación para reducir la cantidad de agua usada para regar el jardín. Esto se hace proporcionando una estimación de los galones de agua que son utilizados por ciclo de riego en Florida, y luego comparando ese monto de agua con el agua utilizada para actividades comunes al interior del hogar, como ducharse o lavar los platos. 

Serap Gorucu

This report summarizes fatal agricultural injury incidents in Florida between 2010 and 2019. This data is important for describing the size and characteristics of agricultural fatalities, populations at risk, risk factors, and temporal and spatial trends in injury rates. Written by Serap Gorucu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, May 2021.

Serap Gorucu

The purpose of this report is to summarize Florida’s AgFF-related fatalities for 2021. This report helps to identify hazards and risks associated with agriculture, forestry, and fishing. Written by Serap Gorucu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, February 2023.

Serap Gorucu

The purpose of this report is to summarize Florida’s Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AgFF)-related fatalities for 2022 and 2023. This report helps to identify hazards and risks associated with AgFF. This report can be used for developing injury prevention plans. Written by Serap Gorucu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, November 2024.

Masoud Salyani
Other Contacts: Lauren M. Diepenbrock

2026–2029 Florida Citrus Production Guide (Citrus Production Fundamentals).

Christopher J. Martinez, Young Gu Her, and Eban Bean

This publication is meant to describe three major approaches to account for climate change in rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves and the pros and cons of each approach. This document aims to provide information to practicing engineers, Extension agents, and others interested in how projected changes in rainfall patterns can be considered for water resources management. Written by Christopher J. Martinez, Young Gu Her, and Eban Bean, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2024.

Young Gu Her, Sandra M. Guzmán, Ashley Smyth, Laura Vasquez, Qingren Wang, andYuncong Li

This article presents findings from a study (Song et al. 2022) that investigated how irrigation scheduling methods using soil moisture sensors and estimates of water loss from soil and plants (i.e., evapotranspiration) can conserve water and reduce nutrient loss while maintaining or even improving crop productivity in south Florida. The insights gained are intended to help farmers, homeowners, and Extension agents better understand the benefits of information-driven irrigation scheduling and adopt an evidence-based practice for improved agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Written by Young Gu Her, Sandra Guzmán, Ashley Smyth, Laura Vasquez, Qingren Wang, and Yuncong Li, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, March 2026.

Wenhao Liu andYiannis Ampatzidis

This publication explores the multifaceted applications of spraying drones in agriculture, emphasizing their advantages over traditional methods in terms of precision, efficiency, and sustainability. It examines their role in delivering pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides), fertilizers and nutrients, irrigation, seeding, biological control, pollination, and aquaculture feeding. Written by Wenhao Liu and Yiannis Ampatzidis, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, October 2025.

Clyde W. Fraisse, Mauricio A. Z. Karrei, and Margaret Walsh

This guide introduces users to a recently developed web-based tool on AgroClimate.org that was designed to systematically monitor climate indicators and detect anomalies with the potential to affect the agricultural industry in Florida and elsewhere in the continental United States. Written by Clyde W. Fraisse, Mauricio A. Z. Karrei, and Margaret Walsh, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2024.

Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Yuncong Li, and Teresa Olczyk

Jordan Neff, Jonathan A. Watson, andWendell A. Porter

This publication explains the basic methodology used to size pumps for aquaculture systems; however, these concepts can be applied to a variety of pumping systems. Written by Jordan Neff, J. A. Watson, and W. A. Porter, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, September 2022.

James Fletcher and Aditya Singh

Aditya Singh and James Fletcher

Aditya Singh and James Fletcher

Christopher J. Martinez, Clyde Fraisse, Yiannis Ampatzidis, Sandra M. Guzmán, Won Suk Lee, Sanjay Shukla, Aditya Singh, andZiwen Yu

This publication aims to introduce readers to recent crop yield forecasting approaches based on artificial intelligence (AI) and to provide examples of how AI can potentially improve yield forecasting at the field and regional levels. Written by Clyde Fraisse, Yiannis Ampatzidis, Sandra Guzmán, Wonsuk Lee, Christopher Martinez, Sanjay Shukla, Aditya Singh, and Ziwen Yu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, April 2022.

Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Michael D. Dukes, and Bernard Cardenas

Improving irrigation efficiency can contribute greatly to reducing production costs of vegetables, making the industry more competitive and sustainable. This publication is intended to help growers to conserve water through the use of soil moisture sensors. Written by Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Michael D. Dukes, and Bernard Cardenas, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, revised August 2024.

Ying Zhang, Jonathan A. Watson, Ray Bucklin, andRichard W. Henley

Greenhouses require energy to thrive. Most greenhouses require fans, water pumps, heating equipment for operation. A backup generator will keep a greenhouse operational with uninterruptible power supply. When selecting a generator, it is crucial to know how much power the backup generator needs to maintain the essential operations of the greenhouse. Besides, choosing a proper unit and installing and operating it correctly are critical for success. This article provides guidelines for generator s

Michael T. Olexa and Sean Olevnik

This publication is designed to provide accurate, current, and authoritative information on the subject. However, since the laws, regulations, administrative rulings, and court decisions on which it is based are subject to constant revision, portions of this publication could become outdated at any time. This publication is distributed with the understanding that the authors are not engaged in rendering legal advice or opinions, and the information contained herein should not be regarded, or relied upon, as a substitute for legal advice or opinion. For these reasons, the utilization of these materials by any person constitutes an agreement to hold harmless the authors, the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, and the University of Florida for any liability claims, damages, or expenses that may be incurred by any person as a result of reference to or reliance on the information contained in this fact sheet.

F. S. Zazueta, R. Bucklin, and P. H. Jones

Haimanote K. Bayabil, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael Dukes, and Laura Vasquez

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Agriculture Water

Vivek Sharma, Kati W. Migliaccio, Brian Boman, Jemy Hinton, and Kevin Hancock

This publication addresses perimeter borders as a best management practice. Written by Vivek Sharma, Kati W. Migliaccio, Brian Boman, Jemy Hinton, and Kevin Hancock, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, revised May 2021.

Tara Bongiovanni, Pang-Wei Liu, Daniel Preston, Johanna Montanez, Courtnay Cardozo, Steven Feagle, and Jasmeet Judge

Jehangir H. Bhadha, Mark W. Clark, Michael G. Andreu, Yuchuan Fan, Tara Wade, andYoung Gu Her

This infographic illustrates the global carbon cycle and discusses sources, sinks, carbon markets, and carbon sequestration.

Morgan Morrow, Vivek Sharma, Robert C. Hochmuth, Charles Barrett, and Marina Burani-Arouca

This publication discusses carrot growth characteristics and provides nitrogen fertilizer best management practices for carrot crops growing in north Florida. The nitrogen management guidelines presented in this publication are based on multiyear field-based research conducted by UF/IFAS. Written by Morgan Morrow, Vivek Sharma, Robert C. Hochmuth, Charles Barrett, and Marina Burani-Arouca, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, July 2023.

Dorota Z. Haman
Other Contacts: Haimanote K. Bayabil andSandra M. Guzmán

The plugging of emitters is one of the most serious problems associated with microirrigation use. Emitter plugging can severely hamper water application uniformity.

Dorota Z. Haman and Fedro S. Zazueta

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Mark A. Ritenour, Steven Sargent, andJerry A. Bartz

Eric Herrera, Sandra M. Guzmán, and Eduart Murcia

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. Published by Farm Economics, entrepreneurship, and management

P. A. Fowler, R. A. Bucklin, C. D. Baird, F. A. Chapman, and C. A. Watson

Haimanote K. Bayabil, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael Dukes, Laura Vasquez, y Carlos Balerdi

A UF/IFAS numbered Translation. Published by Agriculture Water

Akshara Athelly, Sandra M. Guzmán, Yvette Goodiel, andYilin Zhuang

This publication provides an overview of the soil moisture sensor-related cost-share programs available in Florida, summarizing eligibility, timelines, application steps, and relative benefits to help growers navigate available financial support efficiently. Written by Akshara Athelly, Sandra M. Guzmán, Yvette Goodiel, and Yilin Zhuang, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2025.

Clyde W. Fraisse and Silvana V. Paula-Moraes

Jovana Radovanovic, Eban Z. Bean, and Alexander J. Reisinger

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. Published by ==Water==

Brian Boman, Chris Wilson, Mark Jennings, and Sanjay Shukla

Serap Gorucu andYiannis Ampatzidis

This publication presents drone-related injury statistics and safety recommendations to prevent drone-related injuries. Written by Serap Gorucu and Yiannis Ampatzidis, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, June 2021.

Caroline G. Staub, William Eisenstadt, William Blanc, Nicole Monval, Clyde Fraisse, William R. Lusher, George Braun, andLee Staudt

Mackenzie J. Boyer, Michael D. Dukes, andBernardo L. Cardenas-Laihacar

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Urban Water

Young Gu Her, Eban Bean, and Christopher Martinez

This article introduces NOAA Atlas 14 and explains how to use it to help Extension agents and the general public estimate the frequency of any storm event of interest. The frequency estimate of a storm event using NOAA Atlas 14 helps the user to understand how large a storm is in relation to the historical storm events that occurred at a certain location. In addition, the information on the estimate’s confidence interval provided by NOAA Atlas 14 is expected to help people better understand the probabilistic nature of rainfall events. Written by Young Gu Her, Eban Bean, and Christopher Martinez, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, May 2023.

Haimanote K. Bayabil, Jonathan H. Crane, Kati W. Migliaccio, Yuncong Li, andFredy H. Ballen

Papaya (Carica papaya) is an important fruit crop grown in south Florida with an estimated area of 356 acres (Crane 2018). Miami-Dade County accounts for almost 81% of papaya production in Florida. The estimated papaya production value is $1.9 million based on an average yield of 29,000 pounds per acre, 85% pack-out rate, and $0.40 per pound price value. Typical cultural practices and pest and disease management guidelines for papaya can be found in Crane and Mossler (2008). Three irrigation scheduling methods (set schedule, ET-based, and tensiometer-based) were tested for papaya production in south Florida. ET-based irrigation scheduling was found to conserve water effectively. This document primarily focuses on the ET-based irrigation scheduling techniques for papaya under Florida conditions.

Fedro S. Zazueta

Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Jonathan H. Crane, Bruce Schaffer, Sandra M. Guzmán, andHaimanote K. Bayabil

This publication identifies typical Kc values for some of the crops commonly grown in Florida. The Kc values listed are only intended for use as guidelines in the absence of locally developed, variety-specific Kc values.

Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Jonathan H. Crane, Bruce Schaffer, Haimanote K Bayabil, and Sandra M Guzman

This publication outlines step-by-step procedures for implementing a "smart" ET-based irrigation schedule and a do-it-yourself irrigation schedule. A numerical example is provided on how to implement a do-it-yourself ET-based irrigation schedule.

Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Bruce Schaffer, Jonathan H. Crane, Kelly T. Morgan, Haimanote K. Bayabil, andSandra M. Guzmán

This article is part of a series on ET-based irrigation scheduling for agriculture. The rest of the series can be found at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_series_ET-based_irrigation_scheduling_for_agriculture.

Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Bruce Schaffer, Jonathan H. Crane, Haimanote K. Bayabil, and Sandra M. Guzman

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Agriculture Water

Suat Irmak and Dorota Z. Haman

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

James Leary, Jonathan A. Watson, Celina Gómez, Ray Bucklin, andDennis McConnell

In Florida, greenhouse temperatures can easily exceed 100°F during the summer if they are not equipped with active cooling systems. Such high temperatures reduce crop quality and worker productivity. Evaporative cooling is the most common method for reducing the temperature inside a greenhouse, but it has limitations in our hot, humid climate. Air conditioning or refrigeration systems can be used, but their installation and operating costs are usually prohibitive.

Ying Zhang, Jonathan A. Watson, D. E. Buffington, Ray Bucklin, Richard W. Henley, andDennis McConnell

This article introduces some important fan properties that you should consider when select a fan, such as types, noise levels, volume flow rates and characteristic curves. Inspection and maintenance guidelines are provided for maintaining the functionality of the fans and minimizing breakdowns.

G. A. Clark, C. D. Stanley, F. Z. Zazueta, and E. E. Albregts

Kai-Jen Calvin Tien, Jasmeet Judge, Larry W. Miller, and Orlando L. Lanni

Rafael Muñoz-Carpena

Dorota Z. Haman andThomas H. Yeager
Other Contacts: Shawn Steed andJeb S. Fields

Dorota Z. Haman andThomas H. Yeager
Other Contacts: Shawn Steed andJeb S. Fields

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Dorota Z. Haman andThomas H. Yeager
Other Contacts: Shawn Steed andJeb S. Fields

Dorota Z. Haman andThomas H. Yeager
Other Contacts: Shawn Steed andJeb S. Fields

A. G. Smajstrla, B. J. Boman, D. Z. Haman, D. J. Pitts, and F. S. Zazueta

Serap Gorucu, Charles M. Brown, andCarol Lehtola

This publication summarizes the parts of the OSHA Standard 1910.23 and 1910.28 that apply to fixed ladders. Written by Serap Gorucu, Charles Brown, and Carol Lehtola, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, April 2022.

Michael T. Olexa and Sean Olevnik

This publication is designed to provide accurate, current, and authoritative information on the subject. However, since the laws, regulations, administrative rulings, and court decisions on which it is based are subject to constant revision, portions of this publication could become outdated at any time. This publication is distributed with the understanding that the authors are not engaged in rendering legal advice or opinions, and the information contained herein should not be regarded, or relied upon, as a substitute for legal advice or opinion. For these reasons, the utilization of these materials by any person constitutes an agreement to hold harmless the authors, the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, and the University of Florida for any liability claims, damages, or expenses that may be incurred by any person as a result of reference to or reliance on the information contained in this fact sheet.

Ying Zhang, Jonathan A. Watson, andRay Bucklin

Greenhouse design considerations are critical in regulating optimal climatic conditions where plants are grown. The structural systems, building components and materials, and machinery equipment play a central role in greenhouse efficiency. Yet, many design considerations vary greatly with region and geography. This article describes greenhouse design considerations specific to Florida’s unique environment. It a includes descriptions of framing types and materials, design load consideration with

Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Olander Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Parker Johnson, and Pierce Jones

This fact sheet provides current, basic information about residential water use in Orange County. Written by Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Olander Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Parker Johnson, and Pierce Jones, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, June 2021.

Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Parker Johnson, and Pierce Jones

This fact sheet provides current, basic information about residential water use in Osceola County, Florida. Written by Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Parker Johnson, and Pierce Jones, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, November 2021.

Nick Taylor, Kaitlin Olander Robb Price, Bradley Spatz, Tricia Kyzar, and Pierce Jones

Meijing Zhang, Young Gu Her, Kati Migliaccio, and Clyde Fraisse

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: ==Water==

Young Gu Her, Tara Wade, Sawssan Boufous, Jehangir Bhadha, and Michael Andreu

This article introduces concepts related to carbon sequestration, credits, and markets to help Extension agents, farmers, and concerned residents to better understand how agriculture can help to mitigate climate change, and thus become a part of Florida’s carbon economy. Written by Young Gu Her, Tara Wade, Sawssan Boufous, Jehangir Bhadha, and Michael Andreu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, May 2022.

Thomas R. Olmsted, Michael D. Dukes, and Bernard Cardenas

This publication evaluates the frequency or number of times an irrigation maintenance problem occurs, as documented by Urban Mobile Irrigation Lab (UMIL) audits, and provides a list of the most common irrigation maintenance problems in residential irrigation systems. Written by Thomas R. Olmsted, Michael D. Dukes, and Bernard Cardenas, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, revised August 2024.

Ying Zhang, Jonathan A. Watson, Ray Bucklin, Pierce Jones, J. A. Barmby, Dennis McConnell, andRichard W. Henley

Heating requirements inside greenhouses are affected by outdoor climates, structure characteristics, types of heating systems, and the strategies of operation and management. A properly maintained greenhouse can reduce the energy consumption and thus contribute to energy savings. This article addresses the issues that might lower the system efficiency and provides a checklist to ensure the best performance of the system.

Jonathan A. Watson, Celina Gómez, D. E. Buffington, Ray Bucklin, Richard W. Henley, andDennis McConnell

Greenhouse ventilation involves removing air from inside the greenhouse and replacing it with outside air. The ventilation may be natural (caused by wind and temperature forces) or mechanical (accomplished by using fans). The purposes of ventilation are to control high temperatures during the summer caused by the influx of solar radiation, to maintain relative humidity at acceptable levels during winter, to provide uniform air flow throughout the greenhouse, and to maintain acceptable levels of gas concentration in the greenhouse. Ventilation systems for greenhouses must be considered for three climatic conditions that typically occur during the year—winter, summer, and spring–fall.

Caroline G. Staub, William Eisenstadt, William Blanc, Nicole Monval, Clyde Fraisse, William R. Lusher, George Braun, andLee Staudt

This publication provides Haitian farmers with basic guidelines for installing and maintaining an on-farm weather station.

Jonathan A. Watson, Celina Gómez, D. E. Buffington, Ray Bucklin, Richard W. Henley, andDennis McConnell

A greenhouse has one purpose: to provide and maintain the environment that will result in optimum crop production for maximum profit. This includes an environment for work efficiency as well as for crop growth. This publication is limited to describing equipment and methods used to control or maintain a desirable temperature in a greenhouse during those periods when supplemental heat is required.

Melissa B. Haley, Michael D. Dukes, Bernard Cardenas, Grady L. Miller, and Dorota Z. Haman

This publication summarizes a study whose objectives were to determine the amount of residential irrigation water use in central Florida, and to evaluate if combinations of irrigation scheduling and landscape/irrigation design could reduce irrigation water application. Written by Melissa B. Haley, Michael D. Dukes, Bernard Cardenas, Grady L. Miller, and Dorota Z. Haman, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, revised September 2024.

Namrata Dutt andDaeun Choi

This article provides an introductory overview of how computers analyze images using artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision. To illustrate the concepts, the publication uses mushrooms as an example case for object detection. Although mushroom detection is used for demonstration, the goal of this article is to help readers understand how AI-based image analysis supports broader agricultural and environmental applications. Written by Namrata Dutt and Daeun Choi, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2025.

Young Gu Her, Ashley Smyth, Zachary Brym, and Elias Bassil

This article explains how agriculture and natural resources may respond to projected future climate and how climate projections can be useful in developing management plans for the improved sustainability of Florida’s agriculture and natural resources. It also aims to help increase the public awareness of climate change impacts on Florida and improve understanding of the connections among climate, agriculture, and natural resources.

Kelsey Vought, Haimanote Bayabil, and Ana Martin-Ryals

This publication aims to highlight the inefficiencies of using a single-rate, EC-based, NFT nutrient dosing practice for lettuce production throughout the growing season. The information contained in this document is relevant to a diverse audience, including students, researchers, Extension agents who have some level of understanding about controlled environment agriculture (CEA) and water and fertilizer management techniques, and hydroponic growers. Written by Kelsey Vought, Haimanote Bayabil, and Ana Martin-Ryals, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, February 2025.

Young Gu Her, Zachary Brym, Ashley Smyth, and Elias Bassil

Nicholas W. Taylor, Kaitlin Robb Price, andBradley Spatz

This publication provides context and motivation for reducing outdoor water use. This is done by providing the estimated gallons of water used per irrigation cycle in Florida and then comparing the water used for irrigation to the water used for common indoor activities like showering or washing dishes.

Michael T. Olexa and Sean Olevnik

This publication is designed to provide accurate, current, and authoritative information on the subject. However, since the laws, regulations, administrative rulings, and court decisions on which it is based are subject to constant revision, portions of this publication could become outdated at any time. This publication is distributed with the understanding that the authors are not engaged in rendering legal advice or opinions, and the information contained herein should not be regarded, or relied upon, as a substitute for legal advice or opinion. For these reasons, the utilization of these materials by any person constitutes an agreement to hold harmless the authors, the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, and the University of Florida for any liability claims, damages, or expenses that may be incurred by any person as a result of reference to or reliance on the information contained in this fact sheet.

T. B. Onofre, C. W. Fraisse, N. A. Peres, and J. McNair

Eduart Murcia and Sandra M. Guzmán

This publication is intended for scientists, technicians, and decision-makers who want to start using machine learning (ML) in their projects. It provides an overview of the factors that should be considered when employing ML applications with time series (TS) data as input. Written by Eduart Murcia and Sandra M. Guzmán, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2024.

Brian Boman and Sanjay Shukla

G. A. Clark, D. Z. Haman and F. S. Zazueta

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Lincoln Zotarelli, Michael D. Dukes, y Kelly T. Morgan

Lincoln Zotarelli, Michael D. Dukes, and Kelly T. Morgan

Young Gu Her, Nikolay Bliznyuk, Yiannis Ampatzidis, Ziwen Yu, and Haimanote Bayabil

This article is prepared to help Extension agents, farmers, farm managers, researchers, graduate students, and the general public better understand AI, associated terms, and technologies. Written by Young Gu Her, Nikolay Bliznyuk, Yiannis Ampatzidis, Ziwen Yu, and Haimanote Bayabil, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, September 2024.

Daniel Palacios-Linares, Sandra M. Guzmán, Amir Rezazadeh, Liliana M. Cano, Lorenzo Rossi, andAlan L. Wright

This publication addresses the influence of irrigation scheduling on water use, plant growth, and development for young pongamia trees (Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi). Written by Daniel Palacios, Sandra M. Guzmán, Amir Rezazadeh, Liliana M. Cano, Lorenzo Rossi, and Alan Wright, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, November 2023.

Serap Gorucu, Charles Brown, and Carol Lehtola

Shawn Steed and Alicia Whidden

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. Published by Farm Economics, entrepreneurship, and management

Ying Zhang, Jonathan A. Watson, Ray Bucklin, Richard W. Henley, andDennis McConnell

Heating, cooling and ventilation are three main environmental control methods to maintain the desired growing environments. Regular maintenance of the equipment is the key to an effective performance. Any small changes or a minor downtime could reduce the overall efficiency of these systems which could lead to crop failure. This fact sheet will emphasize corrective and preventive maintenance procedures for ventilation, evaporative cooling and heating systems.

Joe Barrett Carter III, Jithran Ekanayake, Taisha Venort, Kelsey Vought, Shannon Noble, and Adam Watson

This publication aims to provide guidance, strategies, and recommended tools to help aspiring presenters effectively adapt to the virtual environment and present their findings. Written by Joe Barrett Carter III, Jithran Ekanayake, Taisha Venort, Kelsey Vought, Shannon Noble, and Adam Watson, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2023.

Christian P. Bartell, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Bruce Schaffer, Fitsum Tilahun, andFikadu Getachew

This article summarizes the basic concepts of leaf water potential measurements and two available methods for measuring leaf water potential under field and laboratory conditions. Written by Christian Bartell, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Bruce Schaffer, Fitsum Tilahun, and Fikadu Getachew, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, October 2021.

D. Z. Haman and F. S. Zazueta

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Urban Water

Dorota Z. Haman and Fedro S. Zazueta

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Bibek Acharya, Vivek Sharma, Charles Barrett, Sudeep Singh Sidhu, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Michael D. Dukes

This publication summarizes the basic concepts of three most-used NO3-N leaching quantification methods in field conditions. Written by Bibek Acharya, Vivek Sharma, Charles Barrett, Sudeep Singh Sidhu, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Michael D. Dukes, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2022.

I. M. Toledo, G. E. Dahl, R. A. Bucklin, and D. K. Beede

Gary A. Clark and Dorota Z. Haman

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s).

Anne E. Yasalonis, Michael D. Dukes, andBernardo L. Cardenas-Laihacar

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s). In support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Urban Water.

L. R. Parsons and B. J. Boman

Jesse Chintanadilok, Sahaj Patel, Yilin Zhuang, and Aditya Singh

All UASs need periodic maintenance and repair. These changes have raised questions among Extension agents regarding which UASs to purchase and use, and how these changes affect their operations going forward. Free and open-source (FOSS) options may be a very useful alternative to commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) UASs. Written by Jesse Chintanadilok, Sahaj Patel, Yilin Zhuang, and Aditya Singh, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, August 2022.

Haimanote K. Bayabil, Fitsum T. Tilahun, Yuncong Li, and E. Vanessa Campoverde

This publication provides general information about differences in moisture retention characteristics and chemical properties of most common potting substrates used by the nursery industry in south Florida. Written by Haimanote K. Bayabil, Fitsum T. Tilahun, Yuncong Li, and E. Vanessa Campoverde, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, October 2021.

Serap Gorucu, Clyde Fraisse, and Ziwen Yu

This publication discusses heat-related deaths in Florida from 2010 to 2020 and presents safety recommendations as well as useful resources to prevent heat-related illnesses. Written by Serap Gorucu, Clyde Fraisse, and Ziwen Yu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, May 2021.

Consuelo C. Romero, Bernard Cardenas, and Michael D. Dukes

The Net Irrigation Requirements for Florida Turfgrass Lawns series explains the process of estimating net irrigation requirements for Florida turfgrasses. The process used here gives a long-term (30-year) historical analysis of turfgrass monthly net irrigation requirements. This article explains how the weather data were gathered and checked for quality. Written by Consuelo C. Romero, Bernard Cardenas, and Michael D. Dukes, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, revised August 2024.

Consuelo C. Romero, Bernard Cardenas, and Michael D. Dukes

This Net Irrigation Requirements for Florida Turfgrass Lawns series explains the process of estimating net irrigation requirements for Florida turfgrasses. The process used here gives a long-term (30-year) historical analysis of turfgrass monthly net irrigation requirements. This article shows the calculation of evapotranspiration for selected sites throughout the state (plus one in Alabama, to cover the west side of the Florida Panhandle). Written by Consuelo C. Romero, Bernard Cardenas, and Michael D. Dukes, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, revised August 2024.