Butterflies

Donald W. Hall

The question mark is a common, medium-sized butterfly of wooded areas and suburbs that is often, but not always, associated with moist areas. With its wings folded, it resembles a dead leaf and is highly cryptic. This document provides an in-depth profile of the question mark butterfly, Polygonia interrogationis, detailing its distribution, physical characteristics, life cycle, and natural enemies. Found throughout the eastern United States and southern Canada, this butterfly is known for its cryptic appearance resembling a dead leaf. The article describes the butterfly's distinct wing patterns, larval hosts, and feeding habits. It also highlights the butterfly's interactions with predators and parasitoids, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of its biology and ecology. Original publication date November 2011. 

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

The eastern comma is a relatively small, inconspicuous butterfly that is rather closely associated with moist woods where its preferred nettle hosts grow, but it sometimes strays into other areas. With its wings folded, it resembles a dead leaf and is highly cryptic.

Jaret C. Daniels

Donald W. Hall

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Jaret C. Daniels

Andrei Sourakov

Jaret C. Daniels

Jaret C. Daniels

Jaret C. Daniels

Taryn B. Griffith and Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Haleigh Ray, Haleigh A. Ray, andJacqueline Y. Miller
Other Contacts: Jaret C. Daniels and

Donald W. Hall

This document provides a detailed profile of the Polydamas swallowtail butterfly, Battus polydamas lucayus. It covers its nomenclature, distribution, physical description, life cycle, host plants, and defenses. The article highlights the butterfly's unique characteristics, such as its tailless wings and its larvae's exclusive feeding on Aristolochia plants. It also discusses the butterfly's role in pollination and its interactions with predators. The document is part of the Featured Creatures collection, aimed at both laypersons with some biological knowledge and academic audiences. Original publication date November 1998.

Donald W. Hall andJerry F. Butler

Jaret C. Daniels

Jaret C. Daniels

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Rebecca G. Harvey andFrank J. Mazzotti
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Integrated Pest Management

Donald W. Hall
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Andrei Sourakov

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Sandy Koi andDonald W. Hall
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Jaret C. Daniels, Joe Schaefer, Joe Schaefer, Craig N. Huegel, andFrank J. Mazzotti
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Homeowner audience(s).

Donald W. Hall
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald Hall

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Integrated Pest Management. This document provides an in-depth profile of the eastern black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes asterius. It covers its distribution, physical description, life cycle, natural enemies, defenses, host plants, and economic importance. The butterfly is found throughout southern Canada, the eastern and mid-western United States, and northern Mexico. It is admired for its beauty but can occasionally be a pest. The document includes identification keys and discusses management strategies for controlling the butterfly in home gardens. Original publication date November 2011.

Donald W. Hall, Thomas J. Walker, andMarc C. Minno
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences. This document provides an in-depth profile of the cloudless sulphur butterfly, Phoebis sennae, focusing on its distribution, physical characteristics, life cycle, migration patterns, host plants, and natural enemies. The butterfly is widespread in the southern United States and migrates seasonally. Detailed descriptions of its various life stages, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults, are provided. The document also discusses the butterfly's interactions with host plants and predators, emphasizing its ecological significance and the factors affecting its population dynamics. Original publication date April 2012. 

Donald W. Hall
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall andJerry F. Butler
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids, and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall andJerry F. Butler
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

James E. Hayden

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management

C. T. Callaghan, B. M. Mason, Jaret C. Daniels, andAkito Y. Kawahara

The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance and tips on how to enter the wonderful world of butterflies and, further, how to leverage the website iNaturalist to document butterfly observations through citizen science. The intended audience is anyone who is interested in the natural world and wants to learn more about observing butterflies, identifying butterflies, and contributing to science by adding their observations to iNaturalist. While we use examples from Florida throughout, the majority of the information presented here is highly relevant for beginning butterfly-enthusiasts anywhere in the world.

Donald W. Hall andJerry F. Butler
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences. This document provides an in-depth profile of the goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder, highlighting its cryptic coloration and adaptive behaviors. It covers the butterfly's distribution across the southern Midwest and South, its physical characteristics, and seasonal dimorphism. The life cycle, including mating habits and larval development, is detailed, along with the butterfly's host plants, primarily species in the genus Croton. The document emphasizes the butterfly's ecological significance and the impact of habitat loss on its population. Original publication date September 1998.

Donald W. Hall

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall and Jerry F. Butler

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Donald W. Hall, Jerry F. Butler, andMarc C. Minno
Other Contacts: Elena M. Rhodes

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Andrei Sourakov

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management