Ft Lauderdale REC

Timothy K. Broschat, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Plant Systems

Thomas Chouvenc, Andrea Lucky, andMatthew Miller

The Featured Creatures collection provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms relevant to Florida. These profiles are intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

Warner Orozco-Obando and Lyn Gettys

Hartwig H. Hochmair andDennis W. Zielstra

Agricultural, natural resource management, urban planning, and community development projects often involve analysis and mapping of spatial data. This publication focuses on two repositories of freely available street network data. It describes their data retrieval process, and points out some of their differences. Two sample applications demonstrate the usefulness of free street data in various projects.

H. Dail Laughinghouse IV, David E. Berthold, Chris Marble y Debalina Saha

H. Dail Laughinghouse IV, David E. Berthold, Chris Marble, and Debalina Saha

Timothy K. Broschat

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Urban Water

Timothy K. Broschat

Chronic boron deficiency is believed to be caused by soil drying and high soil pH, while temporary deficiency is caused by heavy leaching. It results in a wide array of symptoms, not only among species of palms, but also within a single species. This revised 5-page fact sheet contains many illustrations to aid in diagnosis and management recommendations.

Monica L. Elliott
Other Contacts: Braham Dhillon

Timothy K. Broschat, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Plant Systems

T. W. Shaddox

Larry Perez, James I. Watling, David Bucklin, Mathieu Basille, Frank J. Mazzotti, Stephanie S. Romañach, andLaura A. Brandt
Other Contacts: Eric Suarez, Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, andAaron I. Chimelis

Where do the animals go when the sea rises? Learn the probable futures of Florida panthers and other south Florida wildlife in this 5-page fact sheet. It explains how a changing climate could impact wild animals.­

David N. Bucklin, Mathieu Basille, Stephanie S. Romañach, Laura A. Brandt, Frank J. Mazzotti, andJames I. Watling
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

Michael S. Cherkiss, Holly E. Fling, Frank J. Mazzotti, Kenneth G. Rice, andMarianna D. Conill
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

Este documento es la Circular 1451S, una de la serie del Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Publicado por primera vez: diciembre, 2005. Revisado junio 2017.

Michael S. Cherkiss, Holly E. Fling, Frank J. Mazzotti, and Kenneth G. Rice

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

W. H. Kern, Jr.

Justin R. Dalaba and Frank J. Mazzotti

Lyn A. Gettys andStephen F. Enloe

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management

Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Kyle Allen, Rebecca G. Harvey, andFrank J. Mazzotti
Other Contacts: Eric Suarez andAaron I. Chimelis

Sydney Park Brown

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Rebecca G. Harvey andFrank J. Mazzotti
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

Canals and levees are the foundation of south Florida's water-management system. However, degradation of Everglades ecosystems has resulted directly from these structures and their effects of drainage and impoundment. The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize the science on ecological and hydrological impacts of Everglades canals and levees.

Laurie E. Trenholm, J. Bryan Unruh, Marco Schiavon, andAndrea Fernanda Arevalo Albarenga

El riego es una de las prácticas culturales más importantes para nuestro césped. Debido a que el agua es un recurso limitado y es vital para la salud del césped, es muy importante que se realice correctamente. Esta publicación está destinada a propietarios de casas y encargados de céspedes que quieren saber cómo optimizar el riego de sus patios.

Kimberly A. Moore and Kathleen Ujvari

Florida is one of the top-producing states in the environmental horticulture industry (“green industry”), which includes garden centers as well as greenhouse, nursery, and landscape operations. Although, the industry is not without its challenges. A workforce that is knowledgeable of the issues facing the green industry and of proactive techniques that can help streamline operations and facilitate building efficiency can aid in alleviating some of the industry’s challenges. Graduates from the University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Management certificate program gain a background in sustainable ornamental horticulture practices used in the greenhouse, nursery, and/or landscape sectors of the green industry.

Rebecca G. Harvey, Michael R. Rochford, Jennifer Ketterlin, Edward Metzger III, Jennifer Nestler, andFrank J. Mazzotti
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

This document is WEC386, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2017.

Timothy K. Broschat

Palms growing in Florida landscapes or field nurseries are subject to a number of potentially serious nutrient deficiencies. These deficiencies are described and illustrated in document ENH1018. Prevention and treatment of these deficiencies is the subject of this document. Chemical symbols used in this document are as follows: N=nitrogen, P=phosphorus, K=potassium, Mg=magnesium, Ca=calcium, Mn=manganese, Fe=iron, B=boron, Cu=copper, Zn=zinc.

Timothy K. Broschat, Alan W. Meerow, and Jack Miller

Field production is the most practical means of producing large palm specimens, and it has several advantages over container production. Yield per acre can be maximized compared to many other woody ornamentals because of the columnar growth habit of most palms and their ability to survive transplanting with a minimal root ball. When dug and tied properly, many more palms can be loaded into a standard shipping container than could similarly sized trees. Palms also offer great versatility in the method of field harvesting.

Ian J. Markovich, Joseph W. Sigmon, and Lyn A. Gettys

The purpose of this publication is to teach interested readers how to identify and distinguish among species of floatinghearts in Florida. Written by Ian J. Markovich, Joseph W. Sigmon, and Lyn A. Gettys, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, October 2022.

Travis W. Shaddox andJ. Bryan Unruh
Other Contacts: Marco Schiavon

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Plant Systems

Monica L. Elliott
Other Contacts: Braham Dhillon

Monica L. Elliott
Other Contacts: Braham Dhillon

This document is PP278, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date June 2010. Revised August 2013 and January 2017.

Monica L. Elliott
Other Contacts: Braham Dhillon

Graphiola leaf spot, also referred to as "false smut," is a foliar pathogen of certain palm species. In Florida, it is primarily a cosmetic disease and does not adversely affect plant growth. Nutrient deficiencies, such as potassium or magnesium deficiency, are much more serious palm health problems than this disease, especially for Phoenix species.

Rebecca G. Harvey, Justin R. Dalaba, Jenny Ketterlin, Art Roybal, Daniel Quinn, and Frank J. Mazzotti

The Argentine black and white tegu is one of the largest lizard species in the Western Hemisphere, growing up to four feet long. The tegu’s broad habitat use and omnivorous diet create the potential for severe ecological impacts in areas outside its native habitat. This publication presents updated information about efforts to understand and manage the problem of invasive tegus in the state of Florida. It presents the implications of continued expansion of their range.

Justin R. Dalaba, Michiko Squires, Laura A. Brandt, andFrank J. Mazzotti
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is an effective indicator for restoration of more natural patterns of water levels and flows through the Everglades. The Florida Everglades is a highly modified system, so monitoring health of alligators can inform how different areas of this large ecosystem are doing. Based on an increase in reports of very skinny alligators, biologists and natural resource managers are seeking help from the public to better understand where and when this problem occurs. This fact sheet serves as a guide for citizen scientists on how to score alligator body condition and report sightings of very skinny or unhealthy alligators.

Michiko Squires, Avishka Godehewa, Justin R. Dalaba, Laura A. Brandt, andFrank J. Mazzotti
Other Contacts: Eric Suarez, Aaron I. Chimelis, andVenetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez

Alligator biologists and natural resource managers need your help! Be a citizen scientist and help track alligator health and body condition throughout the greater Everglades ecosystem.

Brian Bahder, Brittany M. Mason, and Corey T. Callaghan

The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance and tips on observing hoppers, a group of insects including leafhoppers, planthoppers, and treehoppers. Further, it explains how to leverage iNaturalist to document your observations of the natural world and thereby contribute to science. The intended audience is anyone who is interested in the natural world and wants to learn more about observing and identifying hoppers and contributing to science by adding observations to iNaturalist.

Brittany M. Mason, Ty Smith, and Corey T. Callaghan

The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance and tips on how to enter the wonderful world of reptiles and amphibians, or "herping," and, further, how to leverage iNaturalist to document herp observations and contribute to science. The intended audience is anyone who is interested in the natural world and wants to learn more about observing herps, identifying herps, and contributing to science by adding their observations to iNaturalist.

Travis W. Shaddox, J. Bryan Unruh, andLaurie E. Trenholm
Other Contacts: Marco Schiavon

Fertilizer application is only effective if you ensure uniform coverage. Dry fertilizers can be applied with either a drop spreader or a rotary spreader. This publication provides step-by-step instructions for adjusting the sprtead pattern to distribute the fertilizer particles uniformly; then measuring and adjusting the amount of fertilizer spread over the desired area to equal the recommended application rate.

Timothy K. Broschat and Derek Burch

Windstorms are always a matter of concern, but trees that have been selected properly, sited with care, and maintained so as to have a sturdy form and an open canopy stand the best chance of surviving intact and not adding to the damage in the area. It is worth learning how to prune and shape trees in order to minimize the risks of damage.

Marco Schiavon andKimberly A. Moore

Because water characteristics can affect soil and plant status, it is important to check water quality periodically. However, water analysis reports are often confusing and cumbersome to read, focused primarily on monitoring sodium contents and little else. This new 3-page publication reviews several important water quality properties that need to be assessed when water samples are sent for analysis. Written by Marco Schiavon and Kimberly Moore.

Samar Shawaqfeh, Timothy Broschat, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Plant Systems

Johnalyn Gordon, Thomas Chouvenc, Faith M. Oi, andNan-Yao Su

This publication is meant to provide science-based answers for homeowners and pest management professionals, about “hybrid” termites in the genus Coptotermes (i.e., the Formosan and Asian subterranean termites).

Lyn A. Gettys and Stephen F. Enloe

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Invasive Species

Timothy K. Broschat

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.

Maximiliano Barbosa, David E. Berthold, Forrest W. Lefler y H. Dail Laughinghouse IV

Este documento proporciona una descripción general de la ecología de las carofíceas, los requisitos de hábitat y el estado de las carofíceas en el estado de Florida. También se presentan referencias para la identificación de especies del género Chara. Written by Maximiliano Barbosa, David E. Berthold, Forrest W. Lefler, and H. Dail Laughinghouse IV, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, May 2021.

Marco Schiavon, J. Bryan Unruh, Kevin E. Kenworthy y Henrique Mayer

Esta publicación está destinada a propietarios de casas y encargados de céspedes que manejan grama Bahía en el paisaje de Florida. Esta es una publicación del UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department. Los autores son Marco Schiavon, J. Bryan Unruh, Kevin E. Kenworthy, y Henrique Mayer. La traducción estuvo a cargo de Marco Schiavon.

Laurie E. Trenholm, Marco Schiavon y J. Bryan Unruh

La grama o césped Bermuda (Cynodon spp.) está entre las especies macrotermas más utilizadas. Esta publicación está destinada a propietarios de casas y encargados de pasto y césped que manejan grama Bermuda en el paisaje de Florida. Written by Laurie E. Trenholm, Marco Schiavon, J. Bryan Unruh, and Travis W. Shaddox, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department, July 2021.

J. B. Unruh, A. J. Lindsey y M. Schiavon. Traducido por A. Fernanda Arevalo Alvarenga

El centipedegrass o pasto ciempiés (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) se introdujo en los Estados Unidos desde el sureste asiático en 1916. Este pasto está bien adaptado al clima y los suelos del centro y norte de Florida y es el césped residencial más común en el noroeste de Florida. Esta publicación está destinada a entusiastas de césped y paisajismo de Florida, y profesionales en mantenimiento de pasto ciempiés en paisaje residencial y comercial.

Jenna Cole, Justin R. Dalaba, Melissa Miller, and Frank J. Mazzotti

Fifty species of native snakes live in Florida, help maintain a balance in the ecosystem, and encourage healthy crops. Many non-native snakes have become established, as well, and some have harmed the ecosystem. This brochure is a guide to identifying the snakes of south Florida and differentiating between non-native and commonly confused native snake species.

Monica L. Elliott
Other Contacts: Braham Dhillon

This fact sheet is limited to those diseases where the pathogens only infect (invade) and cause spots and blights of the leaf blade. Other diseases may cause death of leaflets and leaf segments but are actually the result of a pathogen infecting the leaf petiole or rachis.

Lyn Gettys and Carl J. Della Torre III

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Environmental Literacy and Sustainability

Braham Dhillon, Lucas Altarugio, Seemanti Chakrabarti, and Kamaldeep Bansal

Palms (Arecaceae) are flowering plants with varied growth forms ranging from climbers to tree-like plants found across diverse habitats. Some palm species naturally hybridize with other species, whereas a few species can be artificially hybridized to produce new morphotypes. Mule palm (× Butyagrus nabonnandii) is an artificial hybrid that is becoming popular as a landscape ornamental because of its appearance and cold hardiness. However, hybridization among different species could lead to unintended outcomes, including lesion mimics. A lesion mimic phenotype was identified in mule palms growing across multiple farms across central and south Florida. As leaf spots are one of the most common symptoms observed during disease or nutritional deficiency, the detection of lesion mimics can sometimes be challenging. This publication documents a simple method to identify lesion mimics in palms. Correct diagnosis of lesion mimics would limit unnecessary applications of fungicides or fertilizers.

Brian Bahder andEricka E. Helmick

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. Published by Plant Systems

William H. Kern Jr.
Translated by Juan M. Campos Krauer, Alejandra Areingdale, andLaura Sánchez

Debido a la prominencia de Florida en el comercio de mascotas exóticas, las iguanas importadas como mascotas se han escapado o han sido liberadas, y ahora están establecidas en el sur de Florida. Esto ha creado problemas únicos para los propietarios de viviendas y negocios de Florida. El clima subtropical del sur y centro de Florida permite que estos grandes lagartos herbívoros (que comen plantas) sobrevivan, se reproduzcan y se conviertan en parte del medio ambiente de Florida. Este documento es la Hoja Informativa ENY-714, una serie del Departamento de Entomología y Nematología, Servicio de Extensión Cooperativa de Florida, Instituto de Ciencias Alimentarias y Agrícolas, Universidad de Florida. Fecha de publicación: agosto de 2004.

Timothy K. Broschat, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Plant Systems

Timothy K. Broschat

This document is ENH 1014, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension.

C. T. Callaghan, B. M. Mason, andJoe Montes de Oca

The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance and tips on how to enter the wonderful world of moths, or "mothing," and, further, how to leverage iNaturalist to document moth observations and contribute to science. The intended audience is anyone who is interested in the natural world and wants to learn more about observing moths, identifying moths, and contributing to science by adding their observations to iNaturalist.

Timothy K. Broschat

This document is ENH1015, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension.

Kimberly A. Moore, Luci E. Fisher, Carl J. Della Torre III, and Lyn A. Gettys

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Natural resources operations and Invasive Species

Kimberly A. Moore, Luci E. Fisher, Carl J. Della Torre III, and Lyn A. Gettys

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Kimberly A. Moore, Luci E. Fisher, Carl J. Della Torre III, and Lyn A. Gettys

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Kimberly A. Moore, Luci E. Fisher, Carl J. Della Torre III, and Lyn A. Gettys

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

A. W. Meerow, T. K. Broschat, and H. M. Donselman

In recent years, the subject of native plants has taken on new significance in Florida horticulture. Many counties are considering landscape ordinances that require that a percentage of native plant materials be used in all future developments. Several have already implemented such ordinances. This will result in a need for wider availability of native plant materials. Woody landscape plant producers, landscape architects, and home gardeners in Florida need to become informed about and prepared for the production and cultural needs of native plants.

Todd H. Bates, Alexander Nunez, Sergio Gonzalez, andHartwig H. Hochmair

Technological advances, better affordability, and improved efficiency have led to more and wider use of drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in many industries. UAVs have uses in forestry, natural resource management, and agriculture, including mapping terrain and soil erosion, forest planning and management, hurricane recovery, wildfire and flooding damage assessment, crop spraying and pollinating, farm and ranch security, livestock monitoring, and infrastructure inspection, to name a few. To reduce risk and preserve privacy, UAV technology is subject to various laws and regulations worldwide. This publication provides an overview of federal and state UAV regulations in the United States that define pilot qualifications, operational guidelines, equipment requirements, airspace restrictions, and safety protocols, fostering a standardized approach to UAV operations. The publication also discusses specific guidelines for UAV operations at the University of Florida.

Timothy K. Broschat

This document is ENH1016, one of a series of the Department of Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension.

Travis W. Shaddox andJ. Bryan Unruh
Other Contacts: Marco Schiavon

Laura M. Early, Christy A. Harry, Rebecca G. Harvey, and Frank J. Mazzotti

Timothy K. Broschat and Monica L. Elliott

Timothy K. Broschat

Palms are widely planted in Florida landscapes. Their bold leaf textures create a tropical or Mediterranean look that is highly desired by residents and tourists alike. But palms have very high nutritional requirements, and deficiencies of any element can result in conspicuous and unattractive symptoms on their large leaves. UF/IFAS research shows that the most effective fertilizer has 100% of the N, K, Mg, and B sources in slow-release or controlled-release form and that all of the Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu sources should be water soluble. This 4-page fact sheet explains the reasons for this recommendation and how to ensure that you have a formulation that will be effective.

Timothy K. Broschat

This document describes the most common nutrient deficiencies of palms in Florida landscapes or field nurseries.

Timothy K. Broschat

Although about 16 elements are required for normal plant growth, only a few of these elements are commonly deficient in Florida landscape plants. The purpose of this document is to describe and illustrate typical symptoms for common nutrient deficiencies in trees and shrubs grown in south Florida landscapes.

Timothy K. Broschat

Palms growing in containers are susceptible to the same deficiencies that landscape palms experience, but the relative importance of the various deficiencies as well as their causes are different. Container substrates are generally more acidic and have greater nutrient-holding capacity than Florida native soils. Thus leaching and insolubility of nutrients are much less of a problem. Also, container-grown palms are often fertilized with more complete controlled-release fertilizers or regular liquid fertilization, which prevents most deficiencies from occurring.

Young Gu Her, Ashley Smyth, Jiangxiao Qiu, Elias Bassil, Ulrich Stingl, and Laura Reynolds

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: ==Water==

Timothy K. Broschat and James E. Davis

Palms are often thought of as symbols of the tropics, but fortunately there are a number of palm species that grow in warm, temperate climates, such as that of Central Florida.

Brian W. Bahder and Ericka E. Helmick

T. K. Broschat

Palms differ greatly from broadleaf (dicot) and coniferous (Gymnosperm) trees in their overall form and external structure (morphology) and in their internal structure (anatomy). Morphology and anatomy determine how palms grow, function, and respond to external and internal stress factors. This publication provides a basic understanding of how palms are constructed.

Monica L. Elliott
Other Contacts: Braham Dhillon

Monica L. Elliott
Other Contacts: Braham Dhillon

Timothy Broschat
Other Contacts: Mica F. McMillan

Timothy K. Broschat, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Plant Systems

Timothy K. Broschat

Physiological disorders are those caused by various environmental factors, rather than biological agents.

Timothy K. Broschat

This document is about symptoms of potassium (K) deficiency among palm species. This disease appears first on the oldest leaves. Older leaflets of some palms such as Dictyosperma album (hurricane palm) are mottled with yellowish spots that are translucent when viewed from below. In other palms such as Dypsis cabadae (cabada palm), Howea spp. (kentia palms) and Roystonea spp. (royal palms), symptoms appear on older leaves as marginal or tip necrosis with little or no yellowish spotting present (Figures 2 and 3). The leaflets in Roystonea, Dypsis, and other pinnate-leaved species showing marginal or tip necrosis often appear withered and frizzled.

Timothy K. Broschat

Perhaps the most fundamental question to answer when discussing palm pruning is what should a healthy, properly pruned palm look like? Consumers must be educated that palms are supposed to have round crowns, not feather-duster crowns.

Kimberly Moore, Mica McMillan, and Lorna Bravo

Rain barrels are a great way to conserve water, save money, and contribute to a sustainable landscape. However, adoption of rain barrels is low with homeowners concerned about water quality especially from different roof types. Our analysis of nutrients showed that there was no difference in nutrient levels based on roof type. All water samples had low levels of nutrients and no detectable pathogens. Based on our analysis, the water collected from these rain barrels would be safe to use for non-potable uses in the landscape and garden.

Braham Dhillon y Seemanti Chakrabarti

Las palmeras son una parte integral del paisaje urbano de Florida. La pudrición de las palmas por Ganoderma, una enfermedad causada por el hongo Ganoderma zonatum, que descompone la madera, es una de las principales preocupaciones bióticas para la industria del paisajismo. La enfermedad letal prevalece en las regiones de cultivo de palmeras en los EE. UU., y se cree que todas las especies de palmeras son susceptibles a este hongo. La palma enferma puede tardar entre seis meses y un año en morir una vez que aparecen los síntomas iniciales. Pero con la disponibilidad de un ensayo de diagnóstico de enfermedades, este patógeno fúngico se puede detectar utilizando muestras de aserrín recogidas de palmas en declive, varios meses antes de que aparezcan los síntomas. Aquí se indican los pasos a seguir.

Stephen H. Brown and Tim Broschat

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). Published by Plant Systems

H. Dail Laughinghouse IV, Ashley Smyth, Karl Havens y Thomas Frazer

Históricamente, las agencias ambientales han buscado mejorar la calidad del agua de los lagos y ríos de agua dulce mediante el manejo de un solo nutriente. El fósforo era el nutriente principal de preocupación en los sistemas de agua dulce y el nitrógeno estaba regulado en los sistemas costeros y estuarios. Investigaciones recientes indican que debemos reducir tanto el fósforo como el nitrógeno para revertir los síntomas de eutrofización en todos los sistemas acuáticos. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, written by H. Dail Laughinghouse IV, Ashley Smyth, Karl Havens, and Thomas Frazer, is a translation of SGEF190/SG118, "Rethinking the Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Eutrophication of Aquatic Ecosystems."

Ashley Smyth, H. Dail Laughinghouse IV, Karl Havens, andThomas Frazer

Nitrogen and phosphorus are two nutrients that are essential for the growth and survival of plants and animals but are often present in short supply. Both nitrogen and phosphorus are applied regularly through fertilizer to increase the yield of crops needed to feed human populations and for residential and commercial landscaping purposes. This publication contains information for stakeholders, students, scientists, and environmental agencies interested in understanding how nitrogen and phosphorus affect water resources. Major revision by Ashley Smyth, H. Dail Laughinghouse IV, Karl Havens, and Thomas Frazer; 5 pp.

Timothy K. Broschat

T. K. Broschat

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Plant Systems

T. K. Broschat

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Urban Water

Braham Dhillon and Seemanti Chakrabarti

Palms are an integral part of the urban landscape in Florida. Ganoderma butt rot of palms, a disease caused by the wood-decaying white-rot fungus Ganoderma zonatum, is one of the major biotic concerns for the landscape industry. The lethal disease is prevalent across palm-growing regions in the US, and all palm species are believed to be susceptible to this fungus. It may take six months to a year for the diseased palm to die once the initial symptoms appear. But with the availability of a disease diagnostic assay, this fungal pathogen can be detected using saw dust samples collected from declining palms, several months before symptoms appear. Collect good quality samples by following these steps and understanding the caveats associated with each step.

Brian W. Bahder and Ericka E. Helmick

A UF/IFAS numbered publication. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management

Vânia Pereira, Mica McMillan, Wagner Vendrame, and Kara McCoy

This publication is intended for anyone interested in identifying and utilizing this Florida native palm in their landscape. Serenoa repens is native to the Southeastern United States and found mostly in Florida coastal woodland coastal locations. Most often referred to as saw palmetto, this slow-growing, small palm only reaches 3–6 feet in height. Its waxy leaves vary in color. The stiff leaves are folded slightly and divided deeply into several dozen segments that split at the tip. Saw palmetto is essentially trunkless and will have 12–30 leaves in total. It has white flowers that bear blue-black fruit. This small palm forms as a ground cover in pinelands along the Southern Coastal Plain. The plants are best established from containers and can be difficult to transplant from the field. Known for its medicinal benefits, the fruits of the saw palmetto are sold in health food stores across the United States and harvested by pharmaceutical companies for medicinal purposes.

Lyn A. Gettys and Carl J. Della Torre III

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Plant Systems

Michelle L. Casler, Frank J. Mazzotti, andKenneth L. Krysko
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis

This document is CIR1462, one of a series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date October 2004.

Travis W. Shaddox andJerry B. Sartain
Other Contacts: J. Bryan Unruh andMarco Schiavon

A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet for Commercial audience(s). in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Urban Water

Timothy K. Broschat, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Urban Water

Mohsen Tootoonchi, Lyn A. Gettys, and Jehangir H. Bhadha

A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. Published by Natural resources operations and Invasive Species

Thomas Chouvenc, Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, and Lyle Buss

There are 20 termite species established in Florida, but not all of them have a pest status, and some invasive termite species affect only parts of the state. This publication highlights where each termite species is known to be established, so that Florida residents, pest control companies and UF/IFAS Extension agents can easily learn the termite risk at any given location within the state. It is a companion resource to the online termite distribution map available at https://flrec.ifas.ufl.edu/termites-in-florida/termite-distribution/. The UF/IFAS termite research team provides identification services to ensure proper treatment of infestations. In addition, as some invasive species continue to spread, there is a need to continue reporting termite samples so that various communities across Florida have access to up-to-date knowledge of what termite species have been reported in their respective areas.

Rebecca G. Harvey, Michiko Squires, Jeff Beauchamp, Frank J. Mazzotti, andLaura A. Brandt
Other Contacts: Venetia S. Briggs-Gonzalez, Eric Suarez, andAaron I. Chimelis