School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences
Note: In March 2021, the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation (SFRC) changed its name to the School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences (FFGS). Older publications will still use the older name.
Editorial Team
- Patrick Minogue - Editor
- Red Baker Baker - Chair, Approver
- Susan Gildersleeve - ICS Editor
Related Links
New and Revised Publications
Red Heart Disease in Pines caused by Porodaedalea (Phellinus) pini in Florida
Yin-Tse Huang, Jeffrey Eickwort, andJiri Hulcr
All pine species in Florida are susceptible to red heart disease. The disease can decrease timber value and weaken trees, making them threats to people and property. In forests, however, the same disease can be beneficial to cavity-nesting animals like red-cockaded woodpeckers. This fact sheet describes the disease and provides some tips to manage it in areas where it could cause problems for people.
Born to Burn: The Fire Ecology of Longleaf Pines
D. Alex Bowers, Daniel J. Johnson, Lukas Magee, andRaelene M. Crandall
Fire-dependent longleaf pine ecosystems once covered over 37 million hectares across the Southeast. Today, they occupy less than 5% of their historical range due to urban development, land-use changes, and fire suppression. Fire maintains open canopies, supports diverse ground cover species, and facilitates longleaf pine establishment. This publication describes the longleaf pine life cycle, highlighting how each growth stage, from seedling to adult, is adapted to fire. It explores the historical role of fire: both lightning and indigenous peoples sustained frequent burns across these landscapes for millennia. Without regular fire, longleaf pine ecosystems become closed-canopy forests dominated by other species, leading to biodiversity loss and increased wildfire risk. Landowners and fire managers will find practical recommendations for using prescribed fire safely and effectively to manage longleaf pine habitats, promote ecosystem resilience and aid longleaf pine recovery.
Diseño urbano para un bosque urbano resistente al viento
Edward F. Gilman, Traci Partin, Allyson Salisbury, Richard Hauer, Ryan Klein, Michael G. Andreu, Andrew Koeser, andAlyssa Vinson
Esta publicación describe cómo ajustar situaciones de diseño existentes en las cuales las raíces están en conflicto con el paisaje, cómo diseñar nuevas situaciones donde el espacio es limitado, diseñar estacionamientos sostenibles y cómo seleccionar árboles.
Elección de árboles adecuados para sitios urbanos y suburbanos: evaluación del sitio y especies
Edward F. Gilman, Laura Sadowski, Allyson Salisbury, Richard Hauer, Ryan Klein, Michael G. Andreu, Andrew Koeser, andAlyssa Vinson
Este documento trata de la selección del árbol: atributos deseables del árbol, evaluación del sitio de siembra, modificación y prácticas de mantenimiento.
See Smoke? Smell Smoke? Be in the Know.
Raelene M. Crandall, Lara Milligan, Ludie A. Bond, David R. Godwin, andPhillip D. Rodgers
Smoke in the air may come from prescribed fires, wildfires, or burning trash. Prescribed fires are planned and set by trained professionals to keep forests healthy, support wildlife, and lower the risk of wildfires. Wildfires, by contrast, are unplanned and uncontrolled. They can create a great deal of smoke, especially in areas that haven’t burned for years. Smoke from any fire can be harmful to breathe, but websites like Whyprescribedfire.org and the Florida Forest Service Fire Response Viewer, as well as tools such as the Air Quality Index (AQI) and the AirNow digital app, help people monitor area fires and air quality; make smart choices; and stay safe on smoky days.
Keeping the Ghost Orchid Part of Florida’s Heritage: Challenges to Survival and Promises of Restoration
Adam R. Herdman, Raelene M. Crandall, Kelsey Sonnen, Lawrence W. Zettler, Michael E. Kane, Héctor E. Pérez, andCarrie Reinhardt Adams
The ghost orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii, Bentham ex Rolfe, Orchidaceae) is a rare, leafless epiphytic orchid native to southwestern Florida and Cuba. In Florida, populations have declined significantly due to the compounding effects of habitat fragmentation, poaching, and shifting climate. These threats have altered the hydrology and ecological integrity of critical swamp habitats, further limiting the already restricted range of the species. In response, scientists and land managers have intensified efforts to study and conserve the remaining wild populations, while also developing propagation and reintroduction strategies. A more inclusive and comprehensive approach is needed—one that integrates in situ and ex situ conservation, improves habitat resilience, and ensures that less charismatic native orchids are not overlooked in ongoing conservation efforts.
Factors Driving Mangrove Range Expansion
Paul M. Duff, Emory H. Wellman, andAnna Braswell
Florida is home to multiple mangrove species, including black mangroves, white mangroves, and red mangroves. Black and red mangroves have expanded their range along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts in Florida as winter temperatures have increased and sea levels have risen, increasing their abundance and even converting salt marshes into mangrove forests. There are several factors that dictate mangrove migration on Florida’s coastlines. This publication is intended to educate the public and land managers about the factors driving mangrove range expansion. Though all the mangrove species listed above have been expanding their northern range limit, for the purposes of this publication, we will focus on the range expansion of black mangroves, which are more prevalent than other mangrove species.
Twelve Ways to Make the Most out of a Tree or Plant Giveaway Program
Mysha Clarke, Ryan Klein, andLillian Dinkins
Organizations and municipalities use tree and plant giveaway programs to increase tree canopy on private property, provide environmental education, and boost community engagement. Tree and plant giveaway programs can provide a great opportunity to increase biodiversity and enhance various ecosystem services including reducing stormwater runoff, providing habitat for wildlife, reducing energy use, reducing urban heat, removing air pollutants, and providing recreational spaces, especially in urban areas. This publication provides twelve tips for success with tree and plant giveaway programs.
NaviGATORing the Skies: Legal Aspects of UAV Operations at the University of Florida and Beyond
Todd H. Bates, Alexander Nunez, Sergio Gonzalez, andHartwig H. Hochmair
Technological advances, better affordability, and improved efficiency have led to more and wider use of drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in many industries. UAVs have uses in forestry, natural resource management, and agriculture, including mapping terrain and soil erosion, forest planning and management, hurricane recovery, wildfire and flooding damage assessment, crop spraying and pollinating, farm and ranch security, livestock monitoring, and infrastructure inspection, to name a few. To reduce risk and preserve privacy, UAV technology is subject to various laws and regulations worldwide. This publication provides an overview of federal and state UAV regulations in the United States that define pilot qualifications, operational guidelines, equipment requirements, airspace restrictions, and safety protocols, fostering a standardized approach to UAV operations. The publication also discusses specific guidelines for UAV operations at the University of Florida.
Management Considerations for Prescribed Fires in Riparian Zones of Florida
Coleson F. Wrege, Santiago A. Casanova, andRaelene M. Crandall
Riparian zones connect a body of water and upland habitat and provide many ecosystem services. In many southeastern US ecosystems, prescribed fires are a management tool, yet little is known about how fire impacts the riparian zone. This publication relates research from the western United States to riparian zones in the southeastern United States, with emphasis on wetlands. It discusses fire behavior in relation to riparian zone vegetation, weather (particularly seasonality), and fire interactions with various water body types. It lists and defines relevant fire terms and considers various land management goals. To manage wetlands effectively, managers must understand their historical fire regimes and may need to develop specialized alternative burn plans. Riparian zones should be monitored and specific burn objectives developed within the larger upland pine savanna ecosystem to better understand how these ecotones are impacted by prescribed fire and vice versa.
Note: In March 2021, the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation (SFRC) changed its name to the School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences (FFGS). Older publications will still use the older name.
Editorial Team
- Patrick Minogue - Editor
- Red Baker Baker - Chair, Approver
- Susan Gildersleeve - ICS Editor
Related Links
New and Revised Publications
Red Heart Disease in Pines caused by Porodaedalea (Phellinus) pini in Florida
Yin-Tse Huang, Jeffrey Eickwort, andJiri Hulcr
All pine species in Florida are susceptible to red heart disease. The disease can decrease timber value and weaken trees, making them threats to people and property. In forests, however, the same disease can be beneficial to cavity-nesting animals like red-cockaded woodpeckers. This fact sheet describes the disease and provides some tips to manage it in areas where it could cause problems for people.
Born to Burn: The Fire Ecology of Longleaf Pines
D. Alex Bowers, Daniel J. Johnson, Lukas Magee, andRaelene M. Crandall
Fire-dependent longleaf pine ecosystems once covered over 37 million hectares across the Southeast. Today, they occupy less than 5% of their historical range due to urban development, land-use changes, and fire suppression. Fire maintains open canopies, supports diverse ground cover species, and facilitates longleaf pine establishment. This publication describes the longleaf pine life cycle, highlighting how each growth stage, from seedling to adult, is adapted to fire. It explores the historical role of fire: both lightning and indigenous peoples sustained frequent burns across these landscapes for millennia. Without regular fire, longleaf pine ecosystems become closed-canopy forests dominated by other species, leading to biodiversity loss and increased wildfire risk. Landowners and fire managers will find practical recommendations for using prescribed fire safely and effectively to manage longleaf pine habitats, promote ecosystem resilience and aid longleaf pine recovery.
Diseño urbano para un bosque urbano resistente al viento
Edward F. Gilman, Traci Partin, Allyson Salisbury, Richard Hauer, Ryan Klein, Michael G. Andreu, Andrew Koeser, andAlyssa Vinson
Esta publicación describe cómo ajustar situaciones de diseño existentes en las cuales las raíces están en conflicto con el paisaje, cómo diseñar nuevas situaciones donde el espacio es limitado, diseñar estacionamientos sostenibles y cómo seleccionar árboles.
Elección de árboles adecuados para sitios urbanos y suburbanos: evaluación del sitio y especies
Edward F. Gilman, Laura Sadowski, Allyson Salisbury, Richard Hauer, Ryan Klein, Michael G. Andreu, Andrew Koeser, andAlyssa Vinson
Este documento trata de la selección del árbol: atributos deseables del árbol, evaluación del sitio de siembra, modificación y prácticas de mantenimiento.
See Smoke? Smell Smoke? Be in the Know.
Raelene M. Crandall, Lara Milligan, Ludie A. Bond, David R. Godwin, andPhillip D. Rodgers
Smoke in the air may come from prescribed fires, wildfires, or burning trash. Prescribed fires are planned and set by trained professionals to keep forests healthy, support wildlife, and lower the risk of wildfires. Wildfires, by contrast, are unplanned and uncontrolled. They can create a great deal of smoke, especially in areas that haven’t burned for years. Smoke from any fire can be harmful to breathe, but websites like Whyprescribedfire.org and the Florida Forest Service Fire Response Viewer, as well as tools such as the Air Quality Index (AQI) and the AirNow digital app, help people monitor area fires and air quality; make smart choices; and stay safe on smoky days.
Keeping the Ghost Orchid Part of Florida’s Heritage: Challenges to Survival and Promises of Restoration
Adam R. Herdman, Raelene M. Crandall, Kelsey Sonnen, Lawrence W. Zettler, Michael E. Kane, Héctor E. Pérez, andCarrie Reinhardt Adams
The ghost orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii, Bentham ex Rolfe, Orchidaceae) is a rare, leafless epiphytic orchid native to southwestern Florida and Cuba. In Florida, populations have declined significantly due to the compounding effects of habitat fragmentation, poaching, and shifting climate. These threats have altered the hydrology and ecological integrity of critical swamp habitats, further limiting the already restricted range of the species. In response, scientists and land managers have intensified efforts to study and conserve the remaining wild populations, while also developing propagation and reintroduction strategies. A more inclusive and comprehensive approach is needed—one that integrates in situ and ex situ conservation, improves habitat resilience, and ensures that less charismatic native orchids are not overlooked in ongoing conservation efforts.
Factors Driving Mangrove Range Expansion
Paul M. Duff, Emory H. Wellman, andAnna Braswell
Florida is home to multiple mangrove species, including black mangroves, white mangroves, and red mangroves. Black and red mangroves have expanded their range along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts in Florida as winter temperatures have increased and sea levels have risen, increasing their abundance and even converting salt marshes into mangrove forests. There are several factors that dictate mangrove migration on Florida’s coastlines. This publication is intended to educate the public and land managers about the factors driving mangrove range expansion. Though all the mangrove species listed above have been expanding their northern range limit, for the purposes of this publication, we will focus on the range expansion of black mangroves, which are more prevalent than other mangrove species.
Twelve Ways to Make the Most out of a Tree or Plant Giveaway Program
Mysha Clarke, Ryan Klein, andLillian Dinkins
Organizations and municipalities use tree and plant giveaway programs to increase tree canopy on private property, provide environmental education, and boost community engagement. Tree and plant giveaway programs can provide a great opportunity to increase biodiversity and enhance various ecosystem services including reducing stormwater runoff, providing habitat for wildlife, reducing energy use, reducing urban heat, removing air pollutants, and providing recreational spaces, especially in urban areas. This publication provides twelve tips for success with tree and plant giveaway programs.
NaviGATORing the Skies: Legal Aspects of UAV Operations at the University of Florida and Beyond
Todd H. Bates, Alexander Nunez, Sergio Gonzalez, andHartwig H. Hochmair
Technological advances, better affordability, and improved efficiency have led to more and wider use of drones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in many industries. UAVs have uses in forestry, natural resource management, and agriculture, including mapping terrain and soil erosion, forest planning and management, hurricane recovery, wildfire and flooding damage assessment, crop spraying and pollinating, farm and ranch security, livestock monitoring, and infrastructure inspection, to name a few. To reduce risk and preserve privacy, UAV technology is subject to various laws and regulations worldwide. This publication provides an overview of federal and state UAV regulations in the United States that define pilot qualifications, operational guidelines, equipment requirements, airspace restrictions, and safety protocols, fostering a standardized approach to UAV operations. The publication also discusses specific guidelines for UAV operations at the University of Florida.
Management Considerations for Prescribed Fires in Riparian Zones of Florida
Coleson F. Wrege, Santiago A. Casanova, andRaelene M. Crandall
Riparian zones connect a body of water and upland habitat and provide many ecosystem services. In many southeastern US ecosystems, prescribed fires are a management tool, yet little is known about how fire impacts the riparian zone. This publication relates research from the western United States to riparian zones in the southeastern United States, with emphasis on wetlands. It discusses fire behavior in relation to riparian zone vegetation, weather (particularly seasonality), and fire interactions with various water body types. It lists and defines relevant fire terms and considers various land management goals. To manage wetlands effectively, managers must understand their historical fire regimes and may need to develop specialized alternative burn plans. Riparian zones should be monitored and specific burn objectives developed within the larger upland pine savanna ecosystem to better understand how these ecotones are impacted by prescribed fire and vice versa.
Showing 100 of 400 Publications
A Database on Trait-Based Selection of Stormwater Pond Plants
Gisele P. Nighswander, Mary E. Szoka, Kayla M. Hess, Eban Bean, Gail Hansen, andBasil V. Iannone III
A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. Published by ==Water==
A Guide to Florida's Common Bark and Ambrosia Beetles
Craig Bateman andJiri Hulcr
This 36-page guide provides an introduction to the biology and identification of Florida’s bark and ambrosia beetles.
A Landowner’s Introduction to the Forest Carbon Market
Natalia Medina-Irizarry, Michael Andreu, and Tamara Cushing
In recent years, carbon programs have emerged that allow forest landowners to receive payment for the ecosystem services their forests provide. The primary service of interest is carbon sequestration because it has been deemed one of the solutions to climate change. This publication serves as an introduction to the forest carbon market, how it works, common terminology used, and who some of the key players are.
A Native Growing Season Forage for Wildlife—Teaweed, Sida acuta Burm. f.
Rick Williams, Tim Baxley and Pat Minogue
Teaweed has been a problem plant in agriculture, but our research has found that this plant has many good qualities as a wildlife food source. Anyone interested in growing plants that benefit native wildlife, especially white-tailed deer, turkeys and quail, can improve wildlife habitat by managing native plants. How does managing native plants improve the forage quality on your property? For example, to reach optimum body size and full antler growth, white-tailed deer require at least 16% protein in the plants they consume. The plants discussed in this paper all meet or exceed that minimum required protein level for white-tailed deer growth and development.
Abies concolor ‘Violacea’: Colorado White Fir
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Acer floridanum: Florida maple
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Acer japonicum 'Acontifolium': 'Acontifolium' Fullmoon Maple
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Acer negundo 'Elegans': 'Elegans' Boxelder
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Acer negundo: Boxelder
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Acer palmatum var. dissectum: 'Dissectum’ Japanese Maple
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Acer rubrum: Red Maple
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Acer saccharinum 'Pyramidale': 'Pyramidale' Silver Maple
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Acer saccharinum: Silver Maple
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Addressing Misconceptions about Wildland-Urban Interface Issues
Martha C. Monroe
Adonidia merrillii: Christmas Palm
Timothy K. Broschat
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID. Published by Plant Systems
Adopt a Tree
Martha C. Monroe, Christopher J. Frost, and Alison W. Bowers
The Forestry Adopt - A - Tree 4-H Project Book (4HFOM11) is for children ages 5-8. Kids locate and "adopt" a nearby tree, track changes to it over time, do bark and leaf rubbings, and search for visiting wildlife. Youngsters are also introduced to three common and special Florida trees: Cabbage Palm, Live Oak, and Longleaf Pine. First published February 2001.
Aesculus pavia: Red Buckeye
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Air Pollution Removal and Temperature Reduction: A Case Study of Gainesville's Urban Forest
Francisco Escobedo, Jennifer A. Seitz, Wayne Zipperer, and Basil Iannone
The urban forest can help improve air quality by removing pollutants and by reducing air temperature through shading and transpiration, but tree maintenance-related pollution emissions can indirectly contribute to ozone formation and pollutants. This fact sheet presents the results of a study estimating air pollution removal by urban trees in Gainesville, Florida.
Amelanchier arborea: Downy Serviceberry
Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
An Introduction to Freely Available Street Network Data
Hartwig H. Hochmair andDennis W. Zielstra
Agricultural, natural resource management, urban planning, and community development projects often involve analysis and mapping of spatial data. This publication focuses on two repositories of freely available street network data. It describes their data retrieval process, and points out some of their differences. Two sample applications demonstrate the usefulness of free street data in various projects.
An Introduction to USGS Topo Maps
Hartwig H. Hochmair and Adam R. Benjamin
A UF/IFAS numbered peer reviewed Fact Sheet. Published by ==Natural Resources==
Assessing Hurricane-Damaged Trees and Deciding What to Do
Eliana Kampf, Mary L. Duryea, Edward F. Gilman, Astrid Delgado, Ryan Klein, Richard Hauer, Allyson Salisbury, Michael G. Andreu, andAlyssa Vinson
Right after a hurricane, communities and homeowners need to decide what to do with storm-damaged trees. Although damaged trees may seem to be dying, some trees can be restored, others will need to be removed, and still others will not require any special treatment and can be left alone. The factors that should be considered when deciding whether to remove or restore storm-damaged trees are discussed in detail in this fact sheet. This information helps to make informed decisions about how to treat the damaged trees after a storm. First published January 2007.
Assessment and Management of Hurricane Damaged Timberland
Alan Long, Rick Williams, Chris Demers, Jarek Nowak, Nicole Strong, Jib Davidson, and John Holzaepfel
Every year, southern timberland is damaged by hurricanes, ice storms, or tornados somewhere in the region. In response, a variety of information sources have been developed to address the many issues associated with such damage. This fact sheet summarizes information and guidelines from these sources, with a focus on Florida. It provides guidance to forestland owners for assessing severe storm damage, handling salvage operations and timber sales, minimizing potential impacts of other disasters after the storm, dealing with financial issues such as income tax casualty losses, and altering management plans. The references listed at the end may provide landowners with additional information relevant to their particular situation.
Avicennia germinans, Black Mangrove
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary M. Hudson, and Heather V. Quintana
This document provides an overview of the black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), a coastal evergreen tree native to Florida. It details the tree’s physical characteristics, habitat, and ecological significance. The black mangrove thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, tolerates waterlogged and saline conditions, and plays a crucial role in stabilizing shorelines and supporting marine life. Additionally, the document discusses the tree’s commercial uses, including its wood, bark, and flowers, and highlights its importance in local ecosystems and human applications. Original publication date June 2010.
Bauhinia forficata: Brazilian Orchid Tree
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Bees and Fire: How does Fire in Longleaf Pine Savannas Affect Bee Communities?
Nicole Mitchell, Sarah Anderson Weaver, and Raelene M. Crandall
Bees are efficient pollinators known to be key components of healthy forests. Thus, bees are often used as indicators of community response to restoration and disturbances, including fire. In longleaf pine savannas, the open canopies and floral resources that increase bee diversity and abundance are promoted by applying frequent, patchy prescribed fires. This publication is aimed to help fire and natural resource managers, landowners, and interested citizens learn more about the benefits of using fire to promote bee diversity in longleaf pine savannas.
Beneficios de las quemas controladas o prescritas
Michael G. Andreu, Chris Demers y Alan Long y traducido por Soraya Sus
Esta publicación ofrece una visión general introductoria de la función del fuego en los sistemas forestales, los beneficios de la utilización de quemas controladas o prescritas como parte del manejo forestal, la seguridad necesaria y las precauciones reglamentarias que los propietarios y administradores de tierras deben cumplir en el uso de las quemas controladas o prescritas.
Benefits of Prescribed Fire
Michael G. Andreu, Chris Demers, and Alan Long
This publication gives an introductory overview of the role of fire in forest systems, the benefits of using prescribed fire as a part of forest management, and the necessary safety and regulatory precautions that landowners and land managers need to adhere to in using prescribed fire.
Betula nigra: River Birch
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Biology and Control of Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) in Southern Forests
Patrick J. Minogue, Brent V. Brodbeck, and James H. Miller
A UF/IFAS numbered Management. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Integrated Pest Management
Biology and Control of Japanese Climbing Fern (Lygodium japonicum)
Patrick J. Minogue, Stella Jones, Kimberly K. Bohn, andElsa D. Chevasco
A UF/IFAS numbered Management.
Biology, Control and Invasive Potential of Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) in Florida
Patrick J. Minogue andSeth Wright
A UF/IFAS numbered Management. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Invasive Species
Bioplastics—a better option for the environment?
Maia McGuire
Bischofia javanica: Bishopwood
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Born to Burn: The Fire Ecology of Longleaf Pines
D. Alex Bowers, Daniel J. Johnson, Lukas Magee, andRaelene M. Crandall
Fire-dependent longleaf pine ecosystems once covered over 37 million hectares across the Southeast. Today, they occupy less than 5% of their historical range due to urban development, land-use changes, and fire suppression. Fire maintains open canopies, supports diverse ground cover species, and facilitates longleaf pine establishment. This publication describes the longleaf pine life cycle, highlighting how each growth stage, from seedling to adult, is adapted to fire. It explores the historical role of fire: both lightning and indigenous peoples sustained frequent burns across these landscapes for millennia. Without regular fire, longleaf pine ecosystems become closed-canopy forests dominated by other species, leading to biodiversity loss and increased wildfire risk. Landowners and fire managers will find practical recommendations for using prescribed fire safely and effectively to manage longleaf pine habitats, promote ecosystem resilience and aid longleaf pine recovery.
Bursera simaruba: Gumbo Limbo
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Caesalpinia granadillo: Bridalveil Tree
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Calliandra surinamensis: Pink Powderpuff
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Carpentaria acuminata: Carpentaria Palm
Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Carpinus caroliniana: American Hornbeam
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Carya aquatica, Water Hickory
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, Heather V. Quintana, and Robert J. Northrop
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Carya glabra: Pignut Hickory
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Carya illinoensis: Pecan
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Caryota mitis: Fishtail Palm
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cassia afrofistula, Kenyan Cassia
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, and Robert J. Northrop
The Kenyan cassia can be used as a showy ornamental tree or shrub, with its dark foliage and bright yellow flowers. Some people find the seed pods to be unattractive and prune the tree after it flowers to prevent pods from developing. This tree tolerates a wide range of soil types and can be used in a garden, park, patio, or streetscape setting.
Cassia fistula: Golden Shower
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cassia javanica, Pink and White Shower
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, andRobert J. Northrop
A UF/IFAS numbered publication.
Cassia leptophylla, Gold Medallion Tree
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, and Robert J. Northrop
The gold medallion tree is planted primarily as a shade tree or as a decorative specimen for the yard or street. Many people like this tree because of its fast growth rate and showy, bright yellow clusters of flowers that bloom in the summer months. This tree loses its leaves for a very short period each year, but leaves are quickly replaced. Pruning the tree to one main leading stem from which major branches are attached can help increase its strength and sturdiness against strong wind events.
Casuarina equisetifolia, Australian Pine
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, and Robert J. Northrop
Australian pine was originally planted in Florida in the late 1800's as a windbreak and for shade. But soon thereafter it was spreading without help from humans. Today it is considered a category I invasive species in Florida, and the Division of Plant Industry strictly prohibits possessing, transporting, and cultivating this species.
Casuarina spp.: Australian-Pine
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cat's-Claw Vine, Dolichandra unguis-cati—A Showy but Invasive Plant in Florida
Niels Proctor and Jason Smith
Cat’s-claw vine is a neotropical, climbing perennial that produces large and showy yellow flowers in the springtime. It is valued as an ornamental, particularly in dry areas, because it needs little water or care and can climb almost anything, covering fences and other structures with an attractive carpet of leaves and flowers. Unfortunately, the aggressive nature of the vine has made it a major weed in China, Australia, South Africa, and parts of the southeastern United States. This 6-page fact sheet provides guidance on identification, control, and similar native vines for home landscapes.
Catalpa spp.: Catalpa
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cedrus atlantica 'Argentea': Silver Atlas Cedar
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cedrus deodara 'Kashmir': 'Kashmir' Deodar Cedar
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Ceiba speciosa 'Los Angeles Beautiful': 'Los Angeles Beautiful' Silk-Floss Tree
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Ceiba speciosa: Silk-Floss Tree
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Celtis australis: European Hackberry
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Celtis laevigata: Sugarberry
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera': Sawara Falsecypress
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Chionanthus virginicus: Fringetree
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Choosing Suitable Trees for Urban and Suburban Sites: Site Evaluation and Species
Edward F. Gilman, Laura Sadowski, Allyson Salisbury, Richard Hauer, Ryan Klein, Michael G. Andreu, Andrew Koeser, andAlyssa Vinson
Discusses site evaluation, modification, maintenance practices, desirable tree attributes, and tree selection.
City of Tampa Urban Ecological Analysis
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Shawn M. Landry, and Robert J. Northrop
This document is FOR203, one of a series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation Department, UF/IFAS Extension, University of Florida. Original publication date December 2008. Revised January 2011.
Cleaning Up After a Hurricane: Get the Right Tree Care Professional
Eliana Kampf, Astrid Delgado, Mary L. Duryea, Ryan Klein, Richard Hauer, Allyson Salisbury, Michael G. Andreu, andAlyssa Vinson
Proper tree care is best done by people with appropriate skills for the tree work at hand. Tree care professionals have advanced training and abilities to properly and safely correct damage or remove a tree as needed.
Cleaning Up After a Hurricane: Safety Comes First!
Eliana Kampf, Astrid Delgado, Carol Lehtola, Mary L. Duryea, Richard Hauer, Allyson Salisbury, Michael G. Andreu, Alyssa Vinson, andRyan Klein
Stay safe! This fact sheet offers general safety tips, how to create a safe work zone, chain saw safety, and personal protective equipment.
Clusia rosea 'Variegata': 'Variegata' Pitch Apple
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Clusia rosea: Pitch Apple
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Coccoloba uvifera: Seagrape
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Common Pines of Florida
Niels Proctor and Martha Monroe
Common Woody Plants of Florida Scrub Ecosystems
Lynn Proenza and Michael Andreu
The purpose of this fact sheet is to help identify a few of the more common woody plant species found in Florida’s scrub ecosystems. In the individual plant descriptions, words that appear in bold font are considered to be key field characteristics that will aid in identification of the species. This 14-page fact sheet was written by Lynn Proenza and Michael Andreu and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, October 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr373
Communication Basics in the Wildland-Urban Interface
Martha C. Monroe
Comparison of Community Leader Perceptions on Urban Forests in Florida
Francisco Escobedo, Robert Northrop, Michael Orfanedes, and Anna Iaconna
A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet.
Conocarpus erectus var. sericeus: Silver Buttonwood
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Conocarpus erectus: Buttonwood
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Conservation Easements: An Option for Preserving Current Land Uses
Chris Demers and Douglas R. Carter
Control y Biología del Helecho Trepador Japonés (Lygodium japonicum)
Elsa D. Chevasco, Patrick J. Minogue, Kimberly K. Bohn, andFrancisco J. Escobedo
A UF/IFAS numbered Translation. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Environmental Literacy and Sustainability
Controlling Invasive Plants in North Florida Forests
Christopher M. Demers, Patrick J. Minogue, Michael G. Andreu, Alan J. Long, andRick Williams
A UF/IFAS numbered Fact Sheet. in support of UF/IFAS Extension program: Invasive Species
Cooperative Learning for 4-H
Jessica McIntosh and Martha Monroe
A simple way to facilitate discovery is through cooperative learning, in which learners work together to meet a shared goal with a leader guiding them to encourage group interactions. This 5-page fact sheet provides teaching techniques and applies cooperative learning to natural resources and environmental literacy in the context of 4-H.
Cordia boissieri: Texas Olive
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cordia sebestena: Geiger Tree
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cornus florida: Flowering Dogwood
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cornus kousa 'Milky Way': 'Milky Way' Kousa Dogwood
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cornus mas 'Alba': 'Alba' Cornelian-Cherry
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cornus mas 'Aureo-Elegantissima': 'Aureo-Elegantissima' Cornelian-Cherry
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cornus mas 'Flava': 'Flava' Cornelian-Cherry
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cornus mas 'Variegata': 'Variegata' Cornelian-Cherry
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Corymbia ficifolia: Red Flowering Gum
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cotinus coggygria 'Daydream': 'Daydream' Smoketree
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cotinus coggygria 'Pendulus': 'Pendulus' Smoketree
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Crataegus marshallii, Parsley Hawthorn
Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, Heather V. Quintana, and Robert Northrop
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Crataegus phaenopyrum 'Fastigiata': 'Fastigiata' Washington Hawthorn
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Crataegus x lavallei: Lavalle Hawthorn
Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, and Deborah R. Hilbert
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Cupaniopsis anacardiopsis: Carrotwood
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cupressus sempervirens: Italian Cypress
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Cycas revoluta, Sago Palm
Robert J. Northrop, Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, and Heather V. Quintana
A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.
Dalbergia sissoo: Indian Rosewood
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
Delonix regia: Royal Poinciana
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
This many-branched, broad, spreading, flat-crowned deciduous tree is well-known for its brilliant display of red-orange bloom, literally covering the tree tops from May to July.
Determining the Net Present Value of Timber Investments and Comparing Investments of Different Rotations
Andres Susaeta and Chris Demers
Developing Land in Florida with Fire in Mind: Recommendations for Designers, Developers, and Decision-Makers
Martha C. Monroe, Jennifer M. Fill, Raelene M. Crandall, and Susan Marynowski
Fire protection is a necessary consideration when building homes and designing neighborhoods in Florida. The type, amount, and structure of vegetation surrounding the development and individual houses will affect the risk that homes will catch fire. Architects and developers can significantly reduce wildfire risk for those living and working in Florida by using fire-resistant materials and managing the landscape around developments. This publication details specific recommendations for planning and designing defensible developments, including wildfire mitigation planning, vegetation management, and home construction, and how to balance the risks with the costs of risk mitigation strategies.
Diez beneficios de los huertos urbanos: enfoque en las crisis socioeconómicas
Mysha Clarke
<p>Esta publicación destaca los potenciales beneficios de los huertos urbanos tanto para los vecindarios cercanos como para la comunidad urbana en general, así como para las comunidades periféricas y visitantes de una ciudad. Los planificadores urbanos, residentes y miembros de la comunidad encontrarán muy útil esta información tanto para planificar nuevos huertos como para mantener los ya establecidos.</p>
Diospyros virginiana: Common Persimmon
Edward F. Gilman, Deborah Hilbert, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan Klein, Andrew Koeser, andDrew C. McLean
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