CLUE

Bradley Spatz, Nicholas W. Taylor, andKaitlin Robb Price
Translated by Bernardo L. Cardenas-Laihacar

Esta publicación provee contexto y motivación para reducir la cantidad de agua usada para regar el jardín. Esto se hace proporcionando una estimación de los galones de agua que son utilizados por ciclo de riego en Florida, y luego comparando ese monto de agua con el agua utilizada para actividades comunes al interior del hogar, como ducharse o lavar los platos. 

Tina McIntyre, Rachel Gutner, Hamutahl Cohen, Tiare Saracino, andEsen A. Momol

This new 8-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department defines different types of pests that a home gardener might encounter and encourages diversifying landscapes as a solution to pest problems. It focuses on what is called “the triangle” of IPM, a guide to managing pests using multiple methods, and provides examples of Integrated Pest Management tools that can be applied in the home context to address these pests. Several links to resources relevant to edible Florida-Friendly landscapes are included.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Glossy abelia blooms from spring through fall, producing terminal clusters of delicate small, tubular flowers. Glossy abelia is ideal for use as a specimen, foundation plant, or shrub border.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Dwarf chenille plant is a perennial groundcover with bright red, fuzzy flowers and is well suited as a groundcover, hanging basket, or cascading down a wall.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Chenille plant has striking red, drooping flowers. It is commonly used as an accent, hedge, or container plant due to its long blooming period and ornamental features.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Copperleaf is a fast-growing shrub that provides a continuous splash of color in the landscape. It is available in varying mottled color combinations depending upon cultivar type. It is well-suited to use as an accent in mixed shrubbery borders, or as a hedge or screen.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Japanese maple is a small tree that is often planted for its colorful foliage, which adds interest to a landscape. Many cultivars exist with varying coloration and growth habits. This tree is well-suited for an accent or specimen, used in containers or above-ground planters, or may be trained as a standard.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Maidenhair fern is a fine-textured, delicate perennial plant that thrives in shady outdoor landscapes, or in bright indirect light indoors. This plant is excellent for use as a specimen plant, edging, or groundcover.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Aechmea bromeliads have attractive foliage in a basal rosette and produce a showy flower stalk during the spring. This plant is excellent for use as a groundcover or mass planting, may be used in containers or above ground planters, or makes a suitable houseplant.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Bottlebrush buckeye is a shrub which displays showy fall coloration and ornamentally interesting flowers. Small, white, tubular flowers are arranged on upright panicles above the palmately-compound foliage. This plant is well suited as a specimen, screen, foundation, or border plant.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Agapanthus has strap-like leaves and clusters of large blue or white flowers funnel-shaped flowers, which atop long flower stalks. It is attractive to pollinators and can be used in the landscape in a variety of ways.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Agave plants have a high level of variation in size and color depending on species. This diverse group of plants may be used in different ways in the landscape including in containers or above-ground planters, as specimen or accent plants, or utilized in rock gardens.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Chinese evergreen is an herbaceous perennial that has colorful, variegated evergreen foliage which lends a tropical feel to the landscape. It may be utilized as a mass planting or groundcover, container or above ground planter, or it makes a suitable houseplant.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Ajuga reptans, commonly known as bugleweed. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its dark green to purple leaves, small blue flowers, and its growth habit as a ground cover. The document also details its planting requirements, such as preferred light conditions, soil tolerances, and USDA hardiness zones. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, potential invasive nature, and available cultivars. The document concludes with information on propagation, pest resistance, and aesthetic considerations for garden design. Original publication date October 1999.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Purple allamanda is an evergreen vine with reddish-purple to pink funnel-shaped blooms. It is well suited for an arbor, large hanging basket, cascading on a wall, groundcover, or container plant.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Seaside joyweed is a native, drought and salt tolerant, herbaceous groundcover. It is well suited as a groundcover or may cascade when planted near the edge of a wall, and may be used in coastal landscaping and habitat restoration.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Anthurium is a genus of tropical plants that generally have glossy heart-shaped leaves and showy flowers which bloom year-round and come in a variety of colors. Certain species may lack flowers and/or have more ornamental foliage. This is an excellent specimen or accent plant, may be utilized in containers or as a houseplant, or makes a statement when planted in mass.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Snapdragon is a popular landscape plant due to its large colorful flowers. It is generally grown as a cool season annual, and is well-suited for mass planting, borders, container planters, or used as cut-flowers.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Butterfly weed is a Florida native milkweed species with yellow, orange, or red flowers borne on clusters above the foliage. It is a larval host plant for monarch butterflies and their relatives. It is well suited for pollinator gardens, containers, mass plantings, for naturalizing landscapes, or utilized as cut flowers in arrangements.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Cast iron plant is an upright, spreading herbaceous perennial that is extremely hardy. It thrives in shaded conditions and is well-suited as a groundcover, in a container, as edging or a border, or grown as a houseplant.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Aster is a herbaceous perennial with clusters of white, purple, lavender, pink or red flowers that have a star-like appearance. This plant is suited for mass plantings, edging, pollinator gardens, or flower arrangements.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Philippine violet has dark green foliage and white or lavender flowers. It is well suited as a hedge, foundation planting, or border in landscape beds.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Red bauhinia is a semi-climbing shrub with deeply cleft foliage and orchid-like red flowers. It is an ornamentally interesting plant that is well suited as a specimen, espalier, border, or groundcover.

Edward F. Gilman, Randy Heatley, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides comprehensive information on the cultivation and care of Hybrid Tuberous Begonias (Begonia tuberhybrida). It covers the plant’s growth requirements, including light, soil, and watering needs, as well as its susceptibility to pests and diseases. The document also details propagation methods, such as stem cuttings and tuber division, and offers guidance on planting times for various USDA hardiness zones. Additionally, it addresses common issues like flower bud drop, powdery mildew, and stem rot, providing practical solutions to maintain plant health and vigor. Original publication date October 1999.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Wintergreen barberry is a hard shrub which produces yellow blooms in spring, followed by blue-black berries. It is ideal for use as a hedge or barrier and may be used as a border or foundation planting.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and uses. It describes the plant’s adaptability to various light exposures and soil types, its ornamental features such as persistent red fruits and fall colors, and its potential as a hedge or barrier plant. The document also highlights the plant’s invasive potential and provides information on its hardiness zones, growth rate, and pest resistance. Additionally, it lists several cultivars and discusses common pests and diseases that affect the plant, along with methods for their control. Original publication date October 1999.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Sea oxeye or seaside tansy is a Florida native shrub which produces small yellow daisy-like flowers spring through summer. It is commonly found in the salt marshes and tidal flats of coastal areas, and is well suited for habitat restoration, coastal landscaping, mass planting, or as a groundcover.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein
Other Contacts: Claire Lewis

Ornamental cabbage adds aesthetic appeal to a landscape due to its showy leaf coloration, ranging from red and green, purple, solid blue, white, and green. Leaves are displayed in a rosette. This plant is well suited for mass plantings, borders, or container planters.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Snowbush is an evergreen shrub with attractive foliage that is white, green, red, pink, or variegated in coloration. This plant is well-suited in a container, as a specimen, or as a hedge.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Browallia is a tender perennial, commonly grown as an annual, with a rounded growth habit. It produces showy purplish-blue flowers from spring through fall. It is suited for use in containers, as cut flowers, or planted in mass.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Yesterday, today, and tomorrow is an evergreen flowering shrub that displays violet, lavender, and white color-changing flowers. It is well suited for a variety of uses in the landscape including as a foundation, screen or standard, or mass planting.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the common boxwood (Buxus sempervirens), detailing its characteristics, growth habits, and uses in landscaping. It describes the plant’s physical attributes, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and flower characteristics. The document also covers the ideal growing conditions for boxwood, such as soil type, light requirements, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it addresses potential pests and diseases that may affect boxwood, along with recommendations for planting and maintenance to ensure healthy growth. Original publication date October 1999.

Keighly Graves, Tom Wichman, Wendy Wilber, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Reed grass is a fine-textured ornamental grass with showy spike-like inflorescences and attractive seed heads. This plant can be used in a variety of ways in the landscape including mass plantings, as a specimen, in habitat restoration, and flower arrangements.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Calathea makoyana, commonly known as the peacock plant. It describes the plant’s striking foliage, which features variegated leaves with dark purple undersides. The peacock plant is a herbaceous perennial suitable for USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11 and can be grown indoors or outdoors. It thrives in shaded areas with high humidity and well-drained, organic-rich soil. The document also highlights the plant’s moderate growth rate, upright habit, and sensitivity to pests like mites. Propagation methods include cuttings or division. Original publication date October 1999.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Japanese beautyberry is a woody deciduous shrub which is notable for its delicate pink flowers and showy purple berries. It is smaller than the American beautyberry and may be used in a variety of ways such as foundation plantings, borders or screening, attracting wildlife, used in containers or planted in mass.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Carolina allspice is a woody deciduous shrub native to Florida and the southeast United States. It has aromatic leaves and showy flowers and is well suited as a screening or hedge plant, as a foundation plant, or part of a pollinator garden.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

This document provides an overview of the trumpet vine (Campsis radicans), a fast-growing, deciduous vine native to Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its brilliant orange flowers, high drought tolerance, and invasive potential. The trumpet vine thrives in full sun and various soil types but requires regular pruning to manage its growth. It is suitable for arbors, trellises, and containers, attracting hummingbirds and occasionally hosting ants. The document also mentions several cultivars and common issues like leaf spot and powdery mildew. Original publication date October 1999. 

Keighly Graves, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, Ryan Klein, andTeresa Howe
Other Contacts: Wendy Wilber

This document provides an overview of ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum), detailing their growth habits, planting requirements, and uses. Ornamental peppers are annuals or perennials in warmer climates, known for their colorful fruits that range from red, purple, yellow, orange, to white. They thrive in full sun or partial shade and require a rich, evenly moist growing medium. The document also highlights their non-invasive nature, moderate growth rate, and resistance to pests. Additionally, it covers the plant’s physical characteristics, including height, spread, leaf arrangement, and fruit features. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean

This document provides an overview of the Carica papaya, commonly known as papaya. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its large, lobed leaves, single trunk, and edible fruit. The papaya is a fast-growing, short-lived shrub that thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It is native to Mexico and Central America and can be used as a specimen, border, or accent plant in landscapes. The document also highlights the plant’s growth requirements, potential pest issues, and its ornamental value in addition to fruit production.  Original publication date October 1, 1999.

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis), a ground cover plant commonly found in California and occasionally tested in Florida. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habit, leaf and flower features, and its high drought tolerance. The document also discusses the plant’s invasive potential, its preferred growing conditions, and the challenges it faces in Florida, such as root rot in irrigated landscapes. Recommendations for planting locations with good drainage are provided to mitigate these issues.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Seven year apple is a evergreen large shrub to small tree that is native to parts of Florida. It is notable for its large glossy foliage, showy flowers, and edible fruit. It may be used as a hedge, screen, attracting birds, or in coastal landscaping.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Madagascar periwinkle is a semi-evergreen perennial to warm season annual which has glossy foliage and showy flowers in various colors. Its upright to sprawling growth habit make this plant well suited for a variety of uses in the landscape.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Gail Hansen, Ryan Klein, andTeresa Howe
Other Contacts: Claire Lewis

Celosia, or plumed cockscomb, is an herbaceous annual notable for its brightly colored and whimsical-looking flowers which may be yellow, orange, pink, purple, or red. This plant is easy to grow and is a good option for mass plantings, borders, container planters, dried flowers, and is attractive to pollinators.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Buttonbush is a Florida native deciduous shrub with attractive leaves, showy globe-shaped flowers which attract pollinators, and bright-red fruit. This is an excellent plant for wooded areas or near the riparian zone.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Chiococca pinetorum, commonly known as the pineland snowberry. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its evergreen, leathery leaves and white to purple-white tubular flowers. The document highlights the plant’s uses, such as ground cover and mass planting, and its adaptability to various soil types and drought conditions. Additionally, it notes the plant’s native status in Florida, its non-invasive nature, and its high drought tolerance. The document also mentions that the plant is typically grown in small quantities by a limited number of nurseries and that it can attract birds with its white, fleshy fruits. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the Coffea arabica plant, commonly known as the coffee shrub. It highlights the plant’s physical characteristics, including its glossy, dark green leaves, fragrant white flowers, and red berries containing coffee beans. The document outlines the plant’s growth requirements, such as its preference for partial shade and rich soil, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its propagation by seed, and its susceptibility to pests like scales and mites. The coffee shrub is noted for its ornamental value and potential for home coffee production. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the coleus plant, known for its vibrant foliage rather than its flowers. It details the plant’s growth requirements, including sunlight, water, and soil preferences, and offers tips for encouraging fuller growth through pinching and removing flower spikes. The document also covers the plant’s propagation methods, potential pests, and its various uses in landscaping and container gardening. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s characteristics, such as height, spread, leaf arrangement, and color, making it a versatile choice for gardeners.  Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Colubrina arborescens, commonly known as coffee colubrina or wild coffee. Native to south Florida and the Caribbean Basin, this small tree or large shrub can reach heights of 20 feet or more. It features shiny, dark green leaves with prominent yellow veins and rust-colored hairs. The plant thrives in sunny or partially shaded locations and is suitable for various uses, including as a hedge, screen, or ornamental plant. It is highly drought-tolerant, grows well in various soil types, and is not known to be invasive. The document also highlights its year-round flowering, bird-attracting fruit, and general pest resistance.Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document is a concise abstract intended for a journal website, presenting the essentials of Celosia cultivation. It encompasses the characteristics and care instructions for two distinct Celosia types: the crested Celosia cristata and the feathery Celosia plumosa. The text delves into the plants’ growth patterns, floral hues, and environmental preferences, while also addressing pest management. It further acquaints readers with various Celosia cultivars and series, offering insights into their suitability for different garden settings. The abstract is crafted to guide gardeners in nurturing these vibrant plants, ensuring a successful addition to their horticultural endeavors. Original publication date October 1999. 

Kathy C Malone, Wendy Wilber, Gail Hansen, Jaret C. Daniels, Claudia Larsen, andEsen A. Momol
Other Contacts: Keighly Graves

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ti plant (Cordyline terminalis), highlighting its ornamental features and growing requirements. The ti plant is known for its colorful, flexible leaves that range from light greens and pinks to dark reds. It thrives in full sun or partial to deep shade and requires fertile, well-drained soil. The plant is suitable for various uses, including as a houseplant, in containers, or as an accent in outdoor landscapes. It is generally available within its hardiness range and can be propagated easily by cuttings. The document also notes potential issues such as sensitivity to pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999. 

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Coreopsis spp., commonly known as tickseed or coreopsis. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its bright green leaves, colorful flowers, and upright growth habit. The document also covers the plant’s general information, such as its scientific name, common names, family, and USDA hardiness zones. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses, planting requirements, growth habits, and potential pests and diseases. The document emphasizes the plant’s suitability for sunny locations with well-drained soils and highlights its attractiveness to butterflies. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Contorted European Filbert (Corylus avellana ‘Contorta’), also known as Henry Lauder’s Walking Stick. It describes the plant’s unique twisted stems and branches, its growth habits, and its ornamental features. The shrub is noted for its winter interest, drought tolerance, and suitability for various landscape uses. The document also includes details on its planting requirements, hardiness zones, and potential uses in garden design. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s resistance to pests and a reported foliage and twig blight. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the sensation-type cosmos, specifically the Cosmos bipinnatus ‘Sonata White’. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun exposure and soil preferences, and discusses its moderate drought tolerance and pest resistance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping and its propagation methods, primarily through seeds. The document concludes with information on potential pests and diseases that may affect the plant.  Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan Klein, andGail Hansen
Other Contacts: Claire Lewis, Wendy Wilber, andKeighly Graves

This document provides a detailed description of the Costus igneus, commonly known as the spiral flag or fiery costus. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its large, dark green leaves with light purple undersides, and its striking orange flowers that bloom in the warm months. The plant is a tropical evergreen, suitable for USDA hardiness zones 9B through 11, and is often used as an accent plant in gardens. It thrives in fertile soil with ample moisture and can be propagated by division, cuttings, or separating offsets. The document also notes that mites and nematodes can be problematic, especially in sandy soils, but no major diseases affect the plant. Original publication date October 1999.

Gary W. Knox, Edward F. Gilman, Teagan Young, Ryan W. Klein, and Leynar Leyton

Pruning is one of the most controversial aspects of maintaining crapemyrtle. Traditionally, many crapemyrtles were routinely topped, leaving large branch and stem stubs. This practice has been called "crape murder" because most people dislike the winter appearance and many professionals believe the practice impacts crapemyrtle health and structural integrity. UF/IFAS research has clarified the effects of various crapemyrtle pruning practices that resulted in the recommendations in this publication.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the swamp lily (Crinum americanum), a herbaceous perennial native to the southeastern United States. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its glossy green leaves, fragrant white or pink-striped flowers, and lobed seed capsules. The swamp lily thrives in various soil types and conditions, from full sun to partial shade, and is moderately tolerant of salt spray. It is noted for its ornamental value, pest resistance, and potential uses in landscaping. The document also highlights the plant’s non-invasive nature and its ability to spread quickly, making it suitable for mass planting and as an accent in gardens. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of the giant spider lily (Crinum x amabile), a herbaceous perennial known for its striking red and pink fragrant flowers. It covers the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and leaf arrangement, as well as its growth requirements and hardiness zones. The giant spider lily is noted for its moderate drought tolerance, preference for full sun to partial shade, and ability to thrive in various soil types. The document also highlights its uses in landscaping, such as mass planting and specimen accent, and mentions its moderate salt tolerance and susceptibility to leaf spot disease. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the cigar flower (Cuphea ignea), highlighting its year-round flowering, attractive foliage, and suitability for various landscape uses. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf and flower features. The document also covers the plant’s hardiness zones, planting recommendations, and care instructions, emphasizing its moderate drought tolerance and pest resistance. Additionally, it notes the plant’s ability to attract hummingbirds and its availability in specialty garden centers. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the queen sago (Cycas circinalis), a palm-like shrub known for its slow growth and ornamental appeal. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its dark brown trunk, feathery leaves, and potential height and spread. The document also covers the plant’s growing conditions, such as its preference for part shade to full sun, high drought tolerance, and soil requirements. Additionally, it highlights the queen sago’s uses in landscaping, its propagation methods, and common pest issues. The queen sago is noted for its suitability as a specimen plant in large areas and its minimal maintenance needs once established. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides comprehensive information on the cultivation and care of dahlias. It covers the ideal soil conditions, planting times, and maintenance practices to ensure healthy growth and vibrant blooms. The text also details the various pests and diseases that can affect dahlias, along with methods for propagation and overwintering. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors, making it a valuable resource for gardeners and horticulturists.  Original publication date October 1999.

Lisa S. Strange, Wendy Wilber, andBrenna Sturgis

This publication provides a comprehensive directory of Extension demonstration gardens across Florida, highlighting their educational focus, unique features, and regional relevance. These gardens serve as living classrooms for best management practices in Florida-Friendly Landscaping™, sustainable horticulture, and environmental stewardship. Organized by county, each listing includes garden location, contact information, and key themes such as pollinator support, water conservation, native plants, and food production. This resource supports educators, volunteers, and the public in exploring hands-on learning opportunities and connecting with local Extension programs to promote resilient landscapes and informed gardening practices throughout the state.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Dendranthema x grandiflora, commonly known as garden mum or garden chrysanthemum. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors. The document also outlines the plant’s growing conditions, such as its preferred light, soil types, and hardiness zones. Additionally, it covers the plant’s uses in landscaping, propagation methods, and pest resistance. The garden mum is noted for its ornamental features and its ability to attract butterflies. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Dietes bicolor, commonly known as the evergreen iris. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and leaf arrangement, as well as its flowering and fruiting habits. The document also outlines the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as soil type, light requirements, and hardiness zones. Additionally, it discusses the plant’s uses in landscaping, its maintenance needs, and potential pest issues. The evergreen iris is noted for its moderate drought tolerance and ability to thrive in various soil conditions, making it a versatile choice for gardens and water features. Original publication date October 1999. 

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the African iris (Dietes vegeta), a clumping, robust perennial known for its stiff, fan-shaped leaves and white flowers marked with yellow and blue. It describes the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and preferred growing conditions, such as its tolerance for wet soil and partial shade. The document also highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its moderate drought tolerance, and its minimal maintenance requirements. Additionally, it covers propagation methods and potential pest issues, noting that nematodes are the primary concern.  Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the false aralia (Dizygotheca elegantissima), a versatile plant known for its distinctive foliage and adaptability. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its juvenile and mature leaves, growth habits, and preferred growing conditions. The document also highlights the plant’s uses in various settings, such as indoor houseplants or outdoor accents, and discusses its propagation methods and potential pest issues. Overall, the false aralia is presented as a unique and attractive option for gardeners and plant enthusiasts. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Dodonaea viscosa, commonly known as varnish leaf or hopbush. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its shiny green leaves, yellow flowers, and distinctive fruit. The shrub is noted for its drought tolerance and adaptability to various soil types. It is suitable for use as a specimen plant, hedge, or screen and can be grown in full sun. The document also highlights the plant’s ornamental features and its potential uses in landscaping, particularly in the western United States. Additionally, it mentions the popular cultivar Dodonaea viscosa ‘Purpurea’ and its characteristics. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the tropical snowball (Dombeya spp.), a shrub native to tropical Africa. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its bright pink or red flowers, coarse-textured foliage, and fast growth rate. The shrub thrives in USDA hardiness zones 9 through 11 and can be planted year-round1. It is commonly used as an ornamental plant in sunny landscapes and requires regular fertilization to maintain its vibrant green leaves. The document also notes the plant’s susceptibility to pests such as aphids and scales, and the potential for micronutrient deficiencies in high pH soils. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Dracaena deremensis, a tropical plant suitable for low-maintenance container culture or specimen planting in shaded landscapes. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf color, and soil tolerances. The document also discusses its uses, propagation methods, and pest resistance. Dracaena deremensis is noted for its shade tolerance, making it a good houseplant, and is generally available within its hardiness range. The cultivar ‘Warneckii’ is highlighted for its distinctive broad stripe along each margin.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Dracaena reflexa, commonly known as reflexed dracaena. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and growth rate. The document highlights its suitability for indoor and outdoor use, noting its high drought tolerance and preference for partial sun. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s ornamental features, such as its dark green leaves and multi-trunked stems, and its general availability within its hardiness range. The document also addresses the plant’s non-invasive nature and its resistance to pests. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

A UF/IFAS numbered Organism ID.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Dryopteris erythrosora, commonly known as the autumn fern, Japanese shield fern, or Japanese wood fern. It highlights the plant’s characteristics, including its hardy nature, slow growth rate, and ability to tolerate neglect. The fern is noted for its reddish fronds when young and its suitability as a groundcover in shady locations. The document also covers its planting requirements, such as soil and light preferences, and mentions its non-invasive nature and pest resistance. Additionally, it provides practical information on propagation and maintenance. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), a herbaceous plant native to Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, flower color, and leaf arrangement. The document also covers the plant’s growth requirements, such as light, soil, and water needs, and its uses in landscaping and naturalizing. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s drought tolerance, pest resistance, and potential invasive nature. The document concludes with information on propagation methods and common pests and diseases that may affect the purple coneflower. Original publication date October 1999.

Tiare Saracino, Lynn Barber, Claire Lewis, Tina McIntyre, Tom Wichman, Gail Hansen, Jennifer W. Marvin, Terra Freeman, Joseph Sewards, Wendy Wilber, Jacqlyn Rivas, andEsen A. Momol

Maintaining edible landscapes in a way that protects the environment is an important concern for protecting Florida’s water quality. The objective of this new 7-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is to introduce the framework of the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ principles and apply the principles to guide decisions about Best Management Practices (BMPs) for care of edible landscapes.

Jacqlyn Rivas, Tiare Saracino, Luke B. Harlow, Lynn Barber, Jennifer W. Marvin, Esen A. Momol, Tina McIntyre, andTerra Freeman

This publication is written for Florida gardeners, homesteaders and other horticulturalists interested in planting and establishing edible landscapes and improving those landscapes by conserving water. This publication will provide guidance for choosing the ideal irrigation system for edible cropping systems as well as general tips for conserving water in edible landscapes.

Edward F. Gilman, Laura Sadowski, Allyson Salisbury, Richard Hauer, Ryan Klein, Michael G. Andreu, Andrew Koeser, andAlyssa Vinson

Este documento trata de la selección del árbol: atributos deseables del árbol, evaluación del sitio de siembra, modificación y prácticas de mantenimiento.

Laura A. Warner, Dharmendra Kalauni, John M. Diaz, Emily Marois, Adam Dale, and Jaret Daniels

This publication explains Florida residents’ current involvement in requesting wildlife-friendly landscape maintenance (WFLM) and the perceived barriers and motivators associated with this behavior using the concept of stages of change. Written by Laura A. Warner, Dharmendra Kalauni, John M. Diaz, Emily Marois, Adam Dale, and Jaret Daniels, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, April 2024.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), detailing its characteristics, planting requirements, and uses. The purple coneflower is a herbaceous plant native to Florida, known for its daisy-like, pink to purple flowers that bloom in spring and summer. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 4 through 10 and can be planted year-round in zones 7 to 11. The plant is valued for its ornamental features, attracting butterflies, and its use in naturalizing and cut flowers. It has high drought tolerance but poor soil salt tolerance. The document also highlights its potential invasiveness, pest resistance, and the need for periodic division to maintain blooming. Original publication date October 1999.

Keighly Graves, Wendy Wilber, Tom Wichman, Claire Lewis, Gail Hansen, andRyan Klein

Mexican bird of paradise is a large shrub to small tree that has showy clusters of yellow flowers and fine textured evergreen foliage. It is well suited for use as a specimen, container or above ground planter, or in commercial landscapes.

Edward F. Gilman, Linda Landrum, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the African bush daisy (Euryops chrysanthemoides), detailing its characteristics, growth requirements, and uses. The plant is a perennial shrub native to Africa, known for its bright yellow flowers and fern-like leaves. It thrives in full sun and various soil types, with moderate drought tolerance. The African bush daisy is suitable for mass planting, borders, and containers, attracting butterflies and requiring occasional clipping for dense growth. It is somewhat available and can be propagated by seed, with nematodes being the primary pest concern. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the German violet (Exacum affine), a 6 to 12 inch tall annual known for its blue flowers and shiny green foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its dense, rounded habit, slow growth rate, and fine texture. The German violet thrives in partial shade with well-drained, light soil, and requires moderate fertilization and watering. It is not native to North America and is somewhat available, though it may require sourcing from outside the region. The document also highlights potential issues such as gray mold and broad mites, and offers guidance on propagation by seed. Original publication date October 1999.

R. Klein, A.J. Lindsey, M. McMillan, J. B. Unruh, and M.D. Dukes

Florida Friendly Landscaping™ Best Management Practices (BMPs) for management of commercial and residential lawns and landscapes were developed by scientists with the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). These BMPs assist homeowners and professionals in making management choices that will help sustain lawns and landscapes in Florida without impairing Florida’s water resources.

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides a detailed overview of the dwarf fothergilla (Fothergilla gardenii), a 4- to 6-feet-tall shrub known for its soft, white spring flowers and vibrant fall colors. It covers the plant’s characteristics, including its growth habits, leaf and flower features, and soil and light requirements. The document also discusses its uses in landscaping, highlighting its suitability for residential and commercial settings. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s moderate drought tolerance, pest resistance, and the availability of various cultivars with different growth habits and foliage patterns. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Sydney Park-Brown, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Red Plume’ gaillardia, also known as the ‘Red Plume’ blanket flower. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, flower color, and foliage. The document highlights its adaptability to various soil types and its high drought and salt tolerance. It also mentions the plant’s uses in landscaping, such as in containers, ground covers, and attracting butterflies. Additionally, it provides information on planting months for different USDA hardiness zones and notes that the plant is generally available within its hardiness range. Potential issues like sweet potato whitefly are also briefly discussed. Original publication date September 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Sydney Park-Brown, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of Gaillardia pulchella, commonly known as blanket flower or firewheel. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower colors, as well as its growth habits and environmental preferences. The document highlights the plant’s high drought tolerance, suitability for various soil types, and its attractiveness to butterflies. It also covers planting guidelines, potential uses in landscaping, and propagation methods. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s resistance to pests and diseases, making it a low-maintenance option for gardeners.  Original publication date September 1999. 

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed description of Garberia heterophylla, a low shrub native to Florida. It highlights the plant’s distinctive features, including its grayish foliage, lavender pink flowers, and obovate leaves. The shrub is noted for its drought tolerance, preference for acidic soils, and ability to attract butterflies. It is suitable for use in reclamation projects, borders, and mass plantings. The document also covers the plant’s growth habits, soil and light requirements, and pest resistance, emphasizing its utility and aesthetic appeal in landscaping. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman

This document provides an overview of the dwarf cultivar of Gardenia jasminoides, known as ‘Prostrata’ or trailing gardenia. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habit, highlighting its use as an attractive ground cover. The document details the plant’s leaf and flower features, soil and light requirements, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it addresses the plant’s susceptibility to pests and its propagation methods. The trailing gardenia is noted for its versatility in landscape applications, such as planter boxes, mass plantings, and cascading over walls. Original publication date October 1999.

Terry Brite DelValle andTiare Saracino

This document is ENH1211, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2013. Revised July 2016.

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of Gazania, a perennial plant often grown as an annual, known for its bright, daisy-like flowers in yellow, orange, or red. Gazania thrives in full sun and dry conditions, making it suitable for rock gardens and erosion control. The plant grows 6 to 12 inches tall with blueish foliage and requires well-drained soil to prevent disease. It is highly drought-tolerant and has minimal pest issues. Gazania is not native to North America and is somewhat available, though it may require sourcing from outside the region. The document details its planting months, growth habits, and care requirements, emphasizing its ornamental value and resilience in various soil types.

Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the common globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), detailing its characteristics, planting requirements, and uses. The plant is described as an annual with globe-shaped flowers in various colors, commonly used in mass plantings, rock gardens, and containers. It thrives in full sun and moderately dry soil, showing resistance to heat and minimal pest issues. The document also outlines its growth habits, including height, spread, and leaf arrangement, and notes its availability and non-invasive status. Propagation is typically by seed, and the plant is noted for its drought tolerance and suitability for areas with limited irrigation. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the butterfly ginger (Hedychium coronarium), highlighting its ornamental value and cultivation requirements. The butterfly ginger is noted for its fragrant, white flowers that bloom from late spring through summer. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8B through 11 and can be planted year-round in these regions. The plant prefers full sun or partial shade and grows to a height of 4 to 5 feet with a spread of 4 to 6 feet. It is suitable for borders, mass planting, and indoor growing. The butterfly ginger is not considered invasive and has moderate drought tolerance. It is generally pest-resistant and can be propagated by dividing its rhizomes. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Shurei’ ginger (Hedychium x ‘Shurei’), a fragrant, peach-colored flowering plant. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and growth habits. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 8B through 11 and can be planted year-round. It is noted for its aggressive spreading nature and suitability for borders, mass planting, and indoor growth. The document also highlights the plant’s soil and light requirements, moderate drought tolerance, and pest resistance. Additionally, it offers guidance on planting, propagation, and optimal growing conditions to maximize flowering. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the ‘Sonja’ sunflower (Helianthus annuus ‘Sonja’), a short-lived annual plant known for its large, striking flowers. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, and flower size, as well as its growing conditions and pest resistance. The document also compares ‘Sonja’ with other sunflower cultivars like ‘Valentine’, ‘Floristan’, and ‘Hallo’, highlighting their differences in appearance and susceptibility to pests. Additionally, it offers practical information on planting and maintaining sunflowers in Florida, emphasizing their seasonal growth patterns and potential uses in landscaping. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Sydney Park-Brown, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the beach sunflower (Helianthus debilis), a perennial plant native to Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its small, sunflower-like flower heads, dark green deltoid leaves, and dense, spreading habit. The beach sunflower is noted for its high drought and salt tolerance, making it suitable for coastal areas. It is commonly used as ground cover and attracts butterflies. The document also outlines the plant’s growth requirements, such as full sun and well-drained sandy soils, and highlights its minimal pest issues and various cultivars. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman and Alan Meerow

This document provides a detailed description of the wild plantain, also known as Caribbean heliconia (Heliconia caribaea). It is an herbaceous perennial with large, leathery leaves and showy flowers, suitable for tropical gardens and indoor decoration. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11, preferring fertile, moist soil and partial to full sun. It can grow up to 15 feet tall and is propagated by division of matted clumps. While it has outstanding ornamental features, it is sensitive to pests and diseases such as leaf spots, scales, and nematodes. The document also highlights its moderate drought and soil salt tolerance. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Alan Meerow, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the Heliconia rostrata, commonly known as lobster claw or false bird of paradise. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its leathery, dark green leaves and striking scarlet and yellow bracts. The plant thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10B through 11 and is suitable for tropical gardens and indoor decoration. It requires fertile, moist soil and regular fertilization for optimal growth. The document also highlights the plant’s moderate drought and soil salt tolerance, as well as its susceptibility to certain pests and diseases. Propagation is typically done by division of the matted clumps. Original publication date October 1999. 

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of blue oat grass (Helictotrichon sempervirens), a perennial ornamental grass known for its attractive blue or blue-green foliage. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, growth rate, and leaf structure. The document also covers the plant’s preferred growing conditions, such as full sun exposure and well-drained soil, and its moderate drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its non-invasive nature, and its general availability within its hardiness range. The document concludes with care tips, noting that blue oat grass requires minimal maintenance and is generally pest-resistant. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides a detailed overview of the scarlet rosemallow (Hibiscus coccineus), a herbaceous perennial native to Florida. It describes the plant’s physical characteristics, including its height, leaf structure, and vibrant red flowers. The document also covers its growth requirements, such as light and soil preferences, and its uses in landscaping. Additionally, it mentions the plant’s propagation methods and potential pest issues. The scarlet rosemallow is noted for its ornamental value and ability to attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Original publication date October 1999.

Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen

This document provides an overview of the amaryllis plant, scientifically known as Hippeastrum x hybridum. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its large, trumpet-shaped flowers available in various colors, and its semi-evergreen nature in northern Florida. The document details the plant’s growth requirements, such as well-drained soil and partial shade, and its moderate drought tolerance. It also covers planting guidelines, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases. The amaryllis is noted for its ornamental features and versatility in landscaping, making it suitable for mass plantings, containers, borders, and naturalizing. Original publication date October 1999.